光子学中的异常点：从非厄米物理到应用
Exceptional Points in Photonics: From Non-Hermitian Physics to Applications
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本综述构建了EP光子学的统一框架，系统区分各类异常简并并探讨其拓扑特性，梳理其在多光子学领域的应用，同时评估相关技术的局限与未来方向。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
开放光子系统为非厄米物理提供了多功能平台，可实现对复杂光谱、输运及光与物质相互作用的调控。异常点（EPs）是本征值与本征矢量合并且控制算子出现缺陷的点，因兼具分支点光谱拓扑、非解析微扰响应及可控本征态转换，发挥核心作用。本综述通过依据底层算子、光谱变量、边界条件及实验可观测的可观测量系统区分异常简并，构建了EP光子学的统一框架。我们讨论了哈密顿量EP、与散射零点相关的吸收EP、实频率散射矩阵及琼斯矩阵EP、布洛赫与弗洛凯EP，以及开放量子系统中的刘维尔EP；综述了它们的光谱拓扑、静态与动态环绕、高阶异常结构、与连续谱束缚态的共存，及其在传感、激光、相干吸收、定向散射、偏振与波前控制、非线性光学、光存储、非互易光子学、量子光子学中的应用。我们还批判性评估了基于EP的光子技术当前的局限性、实际挑战与未来前景，特别关注鲁棒性、噪声、可扩展性及实验可测量性能。
英文摘要
Open photonic systems provide a versatile platform for non-Hermitian physics, enabling control over complex spectra, transport, and light-matter interactions. Exceptional points (EPs), at which eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce and the governing operator becomes defective, play a central role because they combine branch-point spectral topology, nonanalytic perturbative response, and controllable eigenstate conversion. This Review provides a unified framework for EP photonics by systematically distinguishing exceptional degeneracies according to the underlying operator, spectral variable, boundary conditions, and experimentally accessible observables. We discuss Hamiltonian EPs, absorbing EPs associated with scattering zeros, real-frequency scattering-matrix and Jones-matrix EPs, Bloch and Floquet EPs, and Liouvillian EPs in open quantum systems. We review their spectral topology, static and dynamical encircling, higher-order exceptional structures, and coexistence with bound states in the continuum, together with applications in sensing, lasing, coherent absorption, directional scattering, polarization and wavefront control, nonlinear optics, optical storage, nonreciprocal photonics, and quantum photonics. We also critically assess the current limitations, practical challenges, and future perspectives of EP-based photonic technologies, with particular attention to robustness, noise, scalability, and experimentally measurable performance.
发表机构
- Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学）
- ITMO University（ITMO大学）
- Siberian Federal University（西伯利亚联邦大学）
- LV Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS（LV基伦斯基物理研究所，俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院克拉斯诺亚尔斯克科学中心联邦研究中心）
- University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校）
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
