发表机构
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente; Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology（特温特大学 MESA+ 纳米技术研究所; 埃因霍温理工大学应用物理与科学教育部; 埃因霍温理工大学电气工程系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究分析光子融合操作对部分可区分性的影响，修改融合协议提升剩余态平均保真度，指出评估融合协议需考虑可区分性变化。
AI 中文摘要
光子融合操作是光子量子信息处理的核心基本单元，通常以成功概率和资源成本为特征。本文确定了融合操作不同实现方式的另一差异，即其改变部分可区分性的方式。我们考虑来自不完善纠缠资源态和不完善单光子的可区分性，发现不同的成功融合事件会根据融合协议、预示结果和误差模型诱导出明显不同的可区分性变换。在集体资源态误差模型下，我们对现有融合协议进行了修改，平均而言提高了剩余态的保真度；但总体而言，这些变换会对可区分性产生不利影响，许多成功的融合结果都伴随可区分性下降。我们的结果表明，部分可区分性由干涉和测量动态塑造，在评估光子融合协议时，应与整体融合成功概率一同考虑。
英文摘要
Photonic fusion operations are a central primitive in photonic quantum information processing and are commonly characterized by their success probability and resource cost. Here, we identify an additional way in which different implementations of fusion operations differ, namely in how they transform partial distinguishability. We consider distinguishability originating both from imperfect entangled resource states and from imperfect single photons. We find that different successful fusion events can induce markedly different distinguishability transformations depending on the fusion protocol, heralding outcome, and error model. Under a collective resource-state error model, we identify a modification to an existing fusion protocol that improves the fidelity of the remaining state on average. Generally, however, these transformations adversely affect distinguishability, and many successful fusion outcomes are accompanied by distinguishability degradation. Our results show that partial distinguishability is dynamically shaped by interference and measurements and should be considered alongside overall fusion success probability when evaluating photonic fusion protocols.
