用分级三星系统中并合的恒星级双黑洞产生的引力波约束活动星系核（AGN）吸积盘的性质
Constraining AGN Disk Properties with Gravitational Waves from Inspiraling Stellar-Mass Binary Black Holes in Hierarchical Triple Systems
- Chongqing University（重庆大学）
- Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（杭州高等研究院，中国科学院大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究利用空间引力波探测器观测分级三星系统中恒星级双黑洞的引力波，通过建模相对论修正、气体动力学摩擦等效应，可约束AGN吸积盘的气体密度，为探测吸积盘环境提供新方法。
AI中文摘要：
空间引力波探测器能在恒星级双黑洞（BBH）并合前很长时间就观测到它们，使微弱的环境扰动得以累积。对于嵌入活动星系核（AGN）吸积盘的双黑洞，当地气体密度表征了超大质量黑洞（SMBH）和致密天体迁移的环境。我们研究当一个恒星级双黑洞环绕克尔型超大质量黑洞运行时，这类信号是否能约束该气体密度。我们考虑相对论修正和气体动力学摩擦（DF）演化外轨道，并构建包含双黑洞并合、德西特进动、DF相位修正和运动源效应的探测器框架波形。通过对抽样系统的费舍尔矩阵计算，我们估计统计不确定性和系统误差。更大的气体密度通常能提高多个源参数和外轨道参数的统计精度，但当忽略气体动力学摩擦时，也会增大系统误差。对于LISA观测一年的类GW190521的有利系统，吸积盘密度可被约束在σ_ρ~10^(-12)–10^(-10) g·cm^(-3)的水平。这类约束将把双黑洞并合环境与银核的气体结构以及支持黑洞生长的条件联系起来。这些结果表明，只要一致地建模气体效应，分级双黑洞并合可探测AGN吸积盘环境。
英文摘要：
Space-based gravitational-wave detectors can observe stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) long before merger, allowing weak environmental perturbations to accumulate. For binaries embedded in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks, the local gas density characterizes the environment of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and compact-object migration. We study whether such signals can constrain this density when a stellar-mass BBH orbits a Kerr SMBH. We evolve the outer orbit with relativistic corrections and gaseous dynamical friction (DF), and construct the detector-frame waveform including BBH inspiral, de Sitter precession, DF phase correction, and moving-source effects. Using Fisher-matrix calculations for sampled systems, we estimate statistical uncertainties and systematic errors. Larger gas densities generally improve the statistical precision of several source and outer-orbit parameters, but also increase systematic errors when DF is omitted. For favorable GW190521-like systems observed by LISA for one year, the disk density can be constrained at the level of $σ_ρ\sim10^{-12}\text{--}10^{-10}\,{\rm g\,cm^{-3}}$. Such constraints would connect BBH merger environments to the gas structure of galactic nuclei and the conditions that support black hole growth. These results indicate that hierarchical BBH inspirals can probe AGN disk environments, provided that gas effects are modeled consistently.
