发表机构
Central China Normal University; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH; Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF); Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität（华中师范大学; GSI亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心有限公司; 黑森FAIR亥姆霍兹研究院; 约翰·沃尔夫冈·歌德大学理论物理研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究采用PHQMD输运方法，发现核平均场会影响费米子关联，表明费米子关联可作为核物态方程的新探针，用于探索低能重离子碰撞中的致密重子物质。
AI 中文摘要
费米子关联被广泛视为通过动能冻出后的真空末态相互作用研究强子相互作用的精密探针。本文证明，在重子丰度高的重离子碰撞中，核平均场会在输运演化过程中对费米子关联产生额外的动力学贡献。我们采用部分子-强子-量子分子动力学（Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics，PHQMD）输运方法，研究了质心系能量√s_NN=3、4.5、7.7和19.6 GeV的金-金（Au+Au）碰撞中的质子-质子、质子-Λ、三质子及质子-质子-Λ关联。我们发现，核平均场会产生特征性的低k*增强，该增强在最低束流能量下最强，随碰撞能量升高逐渐消失。此外，核物态方程的刚度和动量相关性都会在费米子关联函数中留下独特信号，且高阶关联相比传统两粒子可观测量表现出显著增强的敏感性。我们的结果表明，费米子关联超越了其研究强子相互作用的传统作用，成为核物态方程的一类新的微观可观测量，可补充集体流和阈下奇异粒子产生的研究，为探索低能重离子碰撞中的致密重子物质开辟了新途径。
英文摘要
Femtoscopic correlations are widely regarded as precision probes of hadronic interactions through vacuum final-state interactions after kinetic freeze-out. Here we demonstrate that, in baryon-rich heavy-ion collisions, the nuclear mean field generates an additional dynamical contribution to femtoscopic correlations during the transport evolution. Using the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) transport approach, we investigate proton-proton, proton-$Λ$, three-proton, and proton-proton-$Λ$ correlations in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=3$, 4.5, 7.7, and 19.6 GeV. We find that the nuclear mean field produces a characteristic low-$k^*$ enhancement that is strongest at the lowest beam energies and gradually disappears with increasing collision energy. Furthermore, both the stiffness and the momentum dependence of the nuclear equation of state leave distinct signatures in the femtoscopic correlation functions, with higher-order correlations exhibiting substantially enhanced sensitivity compared with conventional two-particle observables. Our results demonstrate that femtoscopy extends beyond its traditional role as a tool for studying hadronic interactions and serve as a new class of microscopic observables for the nuclear equation of state, complementary to collective flow and subthreshold strangeness production, thereby opening a new avenue for exploring dense baryonic matter in low-energy heavy-ion collisions.
Comments6 pages, 4 figures
