基于量子引导独立集约化的天然气合同选择研究

中文摘要 AI 辅助

选择相互兼容的天然气运输合同是一项具有实际重要性的优化任务，运营者必须在时间、基础设施及流量相关约束下从众多候选协议中进行选择。随着候选数量增加，所得搜索空间难以穷尽探索。我们将该任务建模为合同兼容图上的最大团问题，等价于补图上的最大独立集（MIS）问题。本文基于近期研究，提出一种量子-经典混合框架，用于在有噪声量子硬件的限制下求解大规模MIS实例。该方法结合迭代经典图约化与量子引导优化，在保持高解质量的同时逐步简化搜索空间，使大型候选空间可被约化为更适合当前量子计算机执行的小子问题。我们在量子优化基准库（QOBLIB）的15个基准实例上评估该方法，获得平均近似比0.996，且在14个实例中恢复最优解，包括顶点数达186的图。我们进一步在6个含最多900个合同的合成成对合同兼容图上评估该算法，所提方法获得平均近似比0.989，且在4个案例中得到最优解。这些实验证明了混合MIS求解器对工业场景图的约化能力。该成对抽象是两阶段筛选流程的第一步，可将候选合同缩小至一组更小的相互兼容合同，后续可针对管道容量约束进行验证。

英文摘要

Selecting mutually compatible natural gas transportation contracts is a practically important optimization task in which operators must choose from many candidate agreements subject to temporal, infrastructural, and flow-related constraints. As the number of candidates grows, the resulting search space becomes difficult to explore exhaustively. We study a pairwise abstraction of this task, formulated as a Maximum Clique problem on a contract-compatibility graph, or equivalently as a Maximum Independent Set (MIS) problem on the complement graph. Building on recent work, this paper studies a quantum-classical framework for solving large-scale MIS instances within the limitations of noisy quantum hardware. The approach combines iterative classical graph reduction with quantum-guided optimization to progressively simplify the search space while maintaining high solution quality. This enables large candidate spaces to be reduced to smaller subproblems that are more suitable for execution on current quantum computers. We evaluate the approach on fifteen benchmark instances from the Quantum Optimization Benchmarking Library (QOBLIB), obtaining an average approximation ratio of 0.996 and recovering optimal solutions for fourteen instances, including graphs with up to 186 vertices. We further evaluate the algorithm on six synthetic pairwise contract-compatibility graphs containing up to 900 contracts, where the proposed method achieves an average approximation ratio of 0.989 and obtains optimal solutions in four cases. These experiments demonstrate the ability of the hybrid MIS solver to reduce industrially motivated graphs. The pairwise abstraction serves as the first step of a two-stage screening procedure that narrows the candidate contracts to a smaller set of mutually compatible ones, which can then be verified against pipeline-capacity constraints.

发表机构

• IBM Research（IBM研究）
• Woodside Energy（伍德赛德能源）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。