发表机构
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Nuclear Research Center – Negev（内盖夫本-古里安大学; 内盖夫核研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究针对量子力学重构的挑战，提出含本体态与认知态的通用模型框架，其认知态可解释波函数坍缩，预测表达式与玻恩规则高度相似。
AI 中文摘要
贝尔定理排除了用定域因果理论描述量子现象的可能性，许多学者认为这意味着任何量子纠缠模型必须采用遵循非局域规则的变量（贝尔称之为“实在元”beables），即便信号传递是定域的。另一种选择是采用“全时空”（块宇宙）方法，其实在元可能依赖过去和未来的输入，即便信号传递是因果的。在这种宽松因果方法（又称逆因果方法）中，纠缠的简单案例已被定域介导的随机玩具模型成功描述，这类模型在推广贝尔定域因果性的意义上是定域的。沿此方向发展广泛适用的量子力学重构是一项重大挑战。本研究为此类模型和理论提出了通用框架，并确定了对应的本体态与认知态。认知态与量子态极为相似，可解释波函数坍缩；在该框架的模型中，信息的指向清晰明确。模型可经验验证的预测表达式（基于本体态与认知态）与玻恩规则存在显著相似性，文中还讨论了一个玩具模型实例。
英文摘要
Bell's theorem rules out developing a locally causal theory to describe quantum phenomena. Many take this to imply that any model of quantum entanglement must employ variables (called beables by Bell) which follow nonlocal rules, even though signaling is local. The alternative is to adopt an all-at-once (block universe) approach, with beables which may depend on both past and future inputs, even though signaling is causal. Within this lenient-causality approach (a.k.a. retrocausal), simple cases of entanglement have been successfully described by locally mediated stochastic toy models, i.e.,~toy models which are local in a sense which generalizes Bell's local causality. Developing a widely applicable reformulation of quantum mechanics along these lines is a grand challenge. This work presents a general framework for such models and theories, and identifies the corresponding ontic and epistemic states. The epistemic state is closely analogous to the quantum state, yielding an explanation for the collapse of the wavefunction. In the case of the models of the framework, it is clear what the information is about. The expression for the empirically verifiable predictions of the models in terms of the ontic and epistemic states displays remarkable parallels to the Born rule. A toy-model example is discussed.
Comments12 two-column pages, 2 figures; content identical to already-published version
Journal refEntropy 28 (2026), 584
