SkyShare：面向低轨射电天文共存的星座级天区共享方案
SkyShare: Constellation-wide Sky Sharing for LEO-Radio Astronomy Coexistence
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对LEO星座与射电天文共存的干扰问题，提出SkyShare系统，通过EPFD预算RoI与流算法SkySched优化波束调度，可减少90.68%未服务小区且无需改卫星硬件。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
快速增长的低轨（LEO）星座日益在与射电天文服务（RAS）共享的频谱中运行，对敏感的科学观测造成了不断升级的干扰风险。现有的缓解机制依赖于反应式波束转向或在天文台附近避让，但未能考虑总旁瓣发射，导致残留干扰和大量不必要的容量损失。我们提出SkyShare，这是一种星座级天区共享系统，可实现预测性、感知干扰的点波束调度，在保护射电天文的同时保留网络覆盖。SkyShare将高保真轨道预测、符合国际电信联盟（ITU）标准的等效功率通量密度（EPFD）建模，以及通过运行数据共享（ODS）获取的实时天文台数据相集成，共同优化观测窗口内的波束-小区分配。为了使星座级协调易于处理，我们引入了EPFD预算的感兴趣区域（RoI）概念，该概念在限制残留旁瓣干扰的同时，将优化范围限定在最小、经证明足够的小区集合内。基于RoI，我们将LEO-RAS共存表述为可扩展的调度问题，并设计了SkySched，这是一种基于流的算法，在特殊情况下是最优的，在一般NP困难环境中可产生可扩展的近最优解。SkyShare完全在控制平面运行，无需对卫星硬件进行任何更改。我们使用真实的Starlink星座几何结构，在全球25个单碟、Ku波段RAS站点上评估了SkyShare。与Starlink的视轴避让相比，SkyShare在保持EPFD限值的同时，将未服务小区减少了多达90.68%。
英文摘要
Rapidly growing low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations increasingly operate in the spectrum shared with radio astronomy services (RAS), creating escalating interference risks for sensitive scientific observations. Existing mitigation mechanisms rely on reactive beam steering, or avoidance near observatories but fail to account for aggregate sidelobe emissions-leading to residual interference and substantial, unnecessary capacity loss. We present SkyShare, a constellation-wide sky-sharing system that enables predictive, interference-aware spot beam scheduling to protect radio astronomy while preserving network coverage. SkyShare integrates high-fidelity orbital prediction with International Telecommunication Union (ITU)-compliant Equivalent Power Flux Density (EPFD) modeling, and real-time observatory data via Operational Data Sharing (ODS) to jointly optimize beam-cell assignments over observation windows. To make constellation-scale coordination tractable, we introduce a concept of EPFD-budgeted Region-of-Interest(RoI) that bounds residual sidelobe interference while confining optimization to a minimal, provably sufficient set of cells. Building on RoI, we formulate LEO-RAS coexistence as a scalable scheduling problem and design SkySched, a flow-based algorithm that is optimal in special cases and yields scalable near-optimal solutions in the general NP-hard setting. SkyShare operates entirely in the control plane and requires no satellite hardware changes. Using real Starlink constellation geometries, we evaluate SkyShare across 25 single-dish, Ku-band RAS sites worldwide. Compared to Starlink boresight avoidance, SkyShare reduces unserved cells by up to 90.68% while remaining within EPFD limits.
发表机构
- NC State University（北卡罗来纳州立大学）
- University of Surrey（萨里大学）
- University of Alabama in Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
