发表机构
Astera Institute; Princeton University; Stanford University; Terraform Industries; University of Chicago（Astera研究所; 普林斯顿大学; 斯坦福大学; Terraform工业公司; 芝加哥大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出用轨道太阳反射器（OSRs）为火星基地倍增太阳光，分析其轨道特性，采用太阳帆推进无需额外推进剂，20g/m²面密度即可实现，为火星基地能源供应提供可行方案。
AI 中文摘要
火星轨道处太阳光线微弱，使得能源生产、冰体融化及保暖更为困难。轨道太阳反射器（OSRs）可增强火星处的太阳光，但要为火星基地倍增光照所需的OSR面积尚不明确。本文分析太阳同步火星轨道，以确定能倍增至火星基地的太阳辐照度的OSR面积。研究表明，这些反射器可通过姿态控制和太阳帆推进系统输送太阳光并维持稳定轨道，无需推进剂；还可通过太阳帆从低地球轨道抵达这些火星轨道，降低输送成本。采用面密度为20g/m²的轨道太阳反射器即可实现倍增光照，较已飞行验证的太阳帆性能提升7倍。不过，设计具备低面密度、敏捷机动性（用于精准指向）、帆膜高张力（以消除褶皱）及大规模制造能力（以构建反射器星座）的航天器颇具挑战。若用于更宏大的应用，如升华火星南极的CO₂冰以助力火星化，则需面密度低于5g/m²的反射器。
英文摘要
The Sun's faintness at Mars' orbit makes producing energy, melting ice, and staying warm more difficult. Orbiting solar reflectors (OSRs) can augment sunlight at Mars, but the area of OSRs needed to double sunlight at a Mars base is not known. Here, we analyze Sun-synchronous Mars orbits to find the OSR area that doubles insolation to a Mars base. We show that the reflectors can deliver sunlight and maintain a stable orbit via attitude control and solar-sail propulsion, with no propellant. We also show that these Mars orbits can be reached via solar sailing from low Earth orbit, reducing delivery cost. Doubling sunlight is viable with an orbiting solar reflector areal density of $20 {\rm g/m^2}$, a 7-fold improvement over flight-proven solar sails. However, designing a spacecraft with low areal density, agile maneuverability (for accurate pointing), high tension in the sail membrane (to smooth wrinkles), and mass-manufacturability (to enable a constellation of reflectors) would be challenging. Still lower areal density of $<5 {\rm g/m^2}$ would be needed for more ambitious applications, such as sublimating the CO$_2$ ice at Mars' south pole to aid in terraforming.
