发表机构
The Pennsylvania State University; Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut); Kyoto University; Tohoku University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学; 马克斯·普朗克引力物理学研究所（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦研究所）; 京都大学; 东北大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究通过三维数值相对论模拟旋转大质量恒星核心坍缩，发现黑洞无量纲自旋超0.8时会形成大质量吸积盘，其非轴对称形变产生的引力波可被下一代探测器探测，还对比了轴对称与非轴对称坍缩的引力波信号差异。
AI 中文摘要
我们采用轴对称和三维（3D）数值相对论，对质量约为200、300、500和1100倍太阳质量的旋转大质量恒星核心坍缩成黑洞的过程进行数值研究。结果表明，当形成的黑洞无量纲自旋超过0.8时，其周围会持续形成大质量吸积盘；这类质量大、结构致密的吸积盘携带黑洞质量的约10%以上，易发生非轴对称形变，进而触发频率在10-50赫兹左右的引力波暴，即使来自几吉秒差距外的源，也能被爱因斯坦望远镜（Einstein Telescope）和宇宙探索者（Cosmic Explorer）探测到。我们还总结了轴对称坍缩产生的引力波信号，这类信号的振幅往往低于非轴对称不稳定性产生的信号，频率则更高。
英文摘要
We numerically study the collapse of rotating, very-massive stellar cores with masses of $\approx 200$, $300$, $500$, and $1100M_\odot$ into black holes using both axisymmetric and three-dimensional (3D) numerical relativity. Our results indicate that when the dimensionless spin of the resulting black hole exceeds 0.8, a massive disk consistently forms around it. These massive, compact disks, carrying more than about 10\% of the black hole's mass, are prone to non-axisymmetric deformations that trigger gravitational-wave bursts with frequencies around 10-50 Hz. Such waves could be detected by the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, even from sources a few Gpc away. We also summarize the gravitational-wave signals from axisymmetric collapse, which tend to have lower amplitudes and higher frequencies than those caused by non-axisymmetric instabilities.
Comments25 pages, 16 figures
