真实探测器噪声中合并后引力波阻尼异常的可检测性感知筛选：结合经验零校准的图谱方法
Detectability-Aware Screening of Post-Merger Gravitational-Wave Damping Anomalies in Real Detector Noise: A Graph-Spectral Approach with Empirical Null Calibration
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（莫斯科国立大学物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
该研究针对真实LIGO利文斯顿探测器噪声中的合并后引力波阻尼异常，提出结合经验零校准的两阶段图谱筛选方法，经测试其性能优于仅功率的校准基线。
AI中文摘要：
本文提出一种用于在真实LIGO利文斯顿探测器噪声中筛选简化合并后引力波阻尼异常的两阶段方法学概念验证。注入信号为受控阻尼正弦代理信号，而非物理上完整的双中子星合并后波形，用于测试真实噪声校准下的统计可检测性与阻尼时间评分。第一阶段对白化候选窗口的恒Q表示构建局部时频图，并将主导特征值作为可检测性统计量，其零分布基于真实探测器噪声进行经验校准；第二阶段使用非线性最小二乘与可解释的脊/能量衰减估计器，对第一阶段通过的候选者估计有效阻尼时间评分，阈值在最终留出评估前固定。通过合成高斯噪声检验匹配滤波信噪比约定，通过功率比较与分块洗牌测试评估图统计量。在留出的真实噪声测试块上，非线性最小二乘第二阶段评分在FPR=0.012时给出AUC=0.943、TPR=0.879，优于仅功率的校准基线。
英文摘要：
A two-stage methodological proof of concept for screening simplified post-merger gravitational-wave damping anomalies in real LIGO Livingston noise is presented. The injected signal is a controlled damped-sinusoid proxy rather than a physically complete binary-neutron-star post-merger waveform; it is used to test statistical detectability and damping-time scoring under real-noise calibration. Stage 1 constructs a local time-frequency graph from Constant-Q representations of whitened candidate windows and uses the leading eigenvalue as a detectability statistic, with its null distribution calibrated empirically on real detector noise. Stage 2 estimates an effective damping-time score for Stage-1-passing candidates using nonlinear least squares and an interpretable ridge/energy-decay estimator, with thresholds fixed before final held-out evaluation. The matched-filter SNR convention is checked with synthetic Gaussian noise, while the graph statistic is assessed through power-comparison and tile-shuffling tests. On a held-out real-noise test block, the nonlinear least-squares Stage-2 score gives AUC = 0.943 and TPR = 0.879 at FPR = 0.012, outperforming a calibrated power-only baseline.
