什么是系统？一般系统论中结构-行为合并的基于交互的解释
What Is a System? An Interaction-Based Account of Structure-Behavior Coalescence in General Systems Theory
AI总结：
本文针对一般系统论中系统定义不统一的问题，提出结构-行为合并（SBC）的基于交互的系统解释，明确结构、交互、行为的不可分割性，为系统表示及相关理论提供补充基础。
AI中文摘要：
什么构成系统的问题是一般系统论的基础。现有定义通常根据元素、关系、边界、功能或交互来描述系统，但这些视角并不总能对系统结构和系统行为如何相互构成提供统一解释。本文提出结构-行为合并（Structure-Behavior Coalescence, SBC）作为基于交互的系统本质解释。从SBC视角来看，系统不仅是元素或关系的集合，也无法通过独立于结构的行为得到充分描述；相反，系统是一种结构化实体，其行为源于构成实体间的交互，而这些交互同时对系统的结构组织和行为实现作出贡献。本文通过区分系统结构、交互与行为，同时将它们视为统一系统表示中不可分割的方面来发展这一视角。本文认为，交互是将结构关系转化为行为过程、并让行为过程揭示和实例化系统结构的关键纽带。这一视角为以系统本质与系统功能保持一致的方式表示系统提供了基础。本文进一步探讨SBC对一般系统论的启示，特别是在系统同一性、系统边界、行为涌现以及复杂系统表示方面的意义。SBC被视为一种通用概念基础，通过将结构与行为通过交互的合并置于系统定义的核心，对现有系统理论形成补充。
英文摘要：
The question of what constitutes a system remains fundamental to General Systems Theory. Existing definitions commonly characterize a system in terms of elements, relationships, boundaries, functions, or interactions, but these perspectives do not always provide a unified account of how system structure and system behavior constitute one another. This paper proposes Structure-Behavior Coalescence (SBC) as an interaction-based account of what a system is. From the SBC perspective, a system is not merely a collection of elements or relationships, nor is it adequately characterized by behavior considered independently of structure. Rather, a system is a structured entity whose behavior arises through interactions among its constituent entities, with those interactions simultaneously contributing to both its structural organization and behavioral realization. The paper develops this perspective by distinguishing system structure, interaction, and behavior while treating them as inseparable aspects of a unified system representation. It argues that interactions provide the essential link through which structural relationships become behavioral processes and through which behavioral processes reveal and instantiate system structure. This perspective provides a basis for representing systems in a manner that maintains consistency between what a system is and what a system does. The paper further considers the implications of SBC for General Systems Theory, particularly for system identity, system boundaries, behavioral emergence, and the representation of complex systems. SBC is presented as a general conceptual foundation that complements existing systems theories by placing the coalescence of structure and behavior through interaction at the center of the definition of a system.
