量子多体系统热力学层级中的功提取
Work Extraction Across a Thermodynamic Hierarchy in Quantum Many-Body Systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究揭示量子多体系统存在热力学层级结构，熵差（表现为互信息密度）决定了扩大允许操作范围时功增益的界限，为量子功提取提供了理论依据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
热力学具有可操作性，热平衡的概念关键取决于可观测量的选择，而可提取功的量则相对于允许的操作来定义。本文证明，孤立的量子多体态具有可观测量和允许操作的热力学层级结构，同一状态在该层级的一个级别上可以是热的，而在另一个级别上则是非热的。因此，扩大允许操作的集合会使这种隐藏的非热性成为功提取的潜在资源；由此产生的功增益受限于两个层级级别的熵密度之差，该熵差表现为互信息密度的形式。我们针对可操作访问的三种扩展建立了界限：空间分辨率提高、控制持续时间增加以及非局域连通性，这些分别提供了对位置态 Holevo 信息、相邻区域之间的相关性以及空间非局域相关性的访问。因此，热力学层级不同级别之间的熵差决定了向限制更少的级别移动时相关的功增益界限。
英文摘要
Thermodynamics is operational in the sense that the very concept of thermal equilibrium depends crucially on the choice of observables, while the amount of extractable work is defined relative to the allowed operations. Here we show that isolated quantum many-body states admit a thermodynamic hierarchical structure of observables and allowed operations, where the same state can be thermal at one level of the hierarchy and athermal at another. Enlarging the set of allowed operations therefore renders such hidden athermality a potential resource for work extraction; the resulting work gain is bounded in terms of the difference between the entropy densities of the two levels. This entropy difference takes the form of the mutual-information density. We establish the bounds for three extensions of operational access: increased spatial resolution, increased duration of control, and nonlocal connectivity, which provide access to position-state Holevo information, correlations between neighboring regions and spatially nonlocal correlations, respectively. Thus the difference between entropies at different levels of the thermodynamic hierarchy governs the bound on the work gain associated with moving to a less restricted level.
发表机构
- University of Tokyo（东京大学）
- RIKEN（理化学研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
