发表机构
University of L’Aquila; Umeå University; University of Rochester; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（阿奎拉大学; 于默奥大学; 罗切斯特大学; 印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究在梯度折射率多模光纤中，结合变分分析与数值模拟，确立了双稳态涡旋光子弹的存在，分析其稳定性与动力学，为经典和量子信息处理提供了潜在应用基础。
AI 中文摘要
我们在理论上研究了梯度折射率多模光纤中时空涡旋光子弹的形成与演化，这类脉冲同时在空间和时间上被限制，且携带轨道角动量。通过变分分析与全数值模拟相结合的双重方法，我们确立了双稳态涡旋孤子族的存在，其特征为不同的径向和角向量子数，这类波包的时空结构呈现拉盖尔-高斯多环拓扑。我们确定了生成这类结构化光态所需的实验条件，基于Vakhitov-Kolokolov准则的稳定性分析揭示了传播常数的上限，低于该上限时涡旋光子弹是稳定的。我们还结合全数值模拟，充分分析了不同拓扑荷的涡旋光子弹的稳态与非稳态动力学。这些结果加深了我们对梯度折射率介质中自陷时空涡旋孤子的理解，有望在经典与量子信息处理领域得到潜在应用。
英文摘要
We explore theoretically the formation and evolution of spatiotemporal vortex bullets, pulses confined in both space and time while carrying orbital angular momentum, inside a graded-index multimode fiber. Through a two-fold approach, combining variational analysis with full numerical simulations, we establish the existence of a bistable vortex soliton family, characterized by distinct radial and azimuthal quantum numbers. These wave packets exhibit a Laguerre-Gaussian multi-ring topology in their spatiotemporal structure. We identify the experimental conditions necessary for the generation of such structured states of light. A stability analysis based on Vakhitov-Kolokolov criteria reveals an upper limit for the propagation constant, below which vortex bullets are found to be stable. Stationary and non-stationary dynamics of vortex bullets with different topological charges are analyzed fully, exploiting analytical techniques that are supported by full numerical simulations. These results enhance our understanding of self-trapped, spatiotemporal vortex solitons in a graded-index medium and may lead to potential applications in the area of classical and quantum information processing.
Comments15 pages and 5 figures in total
