基于冰厚的海冰中波衰减尺度：应用与波谱评估

中文摘要 AI 辅助

本研究探讨了美国海军区域建模系统中海冰内波浪建模的最新进展，该系统应用于北极东部边缘海，包括巴伦支海、喀拉海、格陵兰海部分区域、挪威海以及斯瓦尔巴以北水域。研究重点在于评估WAVEWATCH III业务中使用的两种海冰波衰减公式的性能，二者均源自大型野外数据集，其一来自北极，另一来自南极。新模型IC4M9描述了波衰减与冰厚及波频率的关联，而早期默认方案IC4M6则忽略了冰厚的影响。建模结果通过SWIM/CFOSAT卫星波观测数据以及2024年斯瓦尔巴边缘冰区科考（SvalMIZ-24）的浮标测量数据进行评估。与SWIM数据的比较验证了波浪模型在开阔水域或薄冰覆盖区域的性能。与SvalMIZ-24数据对比时，IC4M9的统计性能显著优于IC4M6，显示出边缘冰区（MIZ）中冰厚对波浪的影响。此外，通过诊断IC4M9预测的系统误差，研究发现海冰模型CICE提供给波浪模型的冰厚场在MIZ中存在偏高偏差，从而降低了IC4M9的性能，而仅依赖频率的IC4M6不受此影响。

英文摘要

This study discusses recent advances in modeling waves in sea ice in the U.S. Navy's regional modeling system. It is applied in the marginal seas of the eastern Arctic Ocean, including the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, parts of the Greenland Sea, Norwegian Sea, and waters north of Svalbard. The focus is to assess the skills of two formulations of wave attenuation by sea ice used operationally in WAVEWATCH III. Both are derived from large field datasets, one from the Arctic and the other from the Antarctic. The new model (IC4M9) describes wave attenuation depending on the ice thickness in association with the dependence on wave frequency, while the earlier default scheme (IC4M6) omits the dependence on ice thickness. The modeling results are evaluated against the satellite wave observations from SWIM/CFOSAT and the buoy measurements from the Svalbard Marginal Ice Zone 2024 Campaign (SvalMIZ-24). The comparisons with SWIM data validate the wave model skill in regions of open water or with light ice coverage. When evaluated against the SvalMIZ-24 data, the statistical performance of IC4M9 is substantially better than that of IC4M6, showing the influence of ice thickness on waves in the MIZ. Moreover, diagnosing systematic errors in the predictions by IC4M9, we find that the ice thickness field provided by the sea ice model CICE to the wave model is biased high in the MIZ, thus penalizing the performance of IC4M9 while not affecting the model IC4M6, which depends on frequency only.

发表机构

• Naval Research Laboratory（海军研究实验室）
• Norwegian Meteorological Institute（挪威气象局）
• University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）

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