发表机构
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados IUDEA, Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna（高级研究所IUDEA，物理系，拉各纳大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文针对小红点等致密源的宽带测量误差问题，明确了误差起源并提出校正方法，可避免因光谱差异导致的天体物理性质推断偏差。
AI 中文摘要
表征早期宇宙中的致密源十分困难，因为物理上不同成分的光会在同一衍射极限图像中重叠。常用方法是利用场星建模单个光点的呈现方式，以此估算所研究遥远天体的固有结构及各物理成分的贡献。高红移天体的诸多重要性质都依赖于该方法的准确性。本文以Zhang等人分析的小红点（LRDs）为测试案例，表明对光谱与场星不同的天体使用宽带滤镜应用该方法时，会系统性地误分配光，高估现有延展成分或凭空产生表观延展成分。在实测水平上，该误差大到足以改变推断的尺寸、光度和质量，进而影响对这些系统的物理解释。本文明确了该误差的物理和数学起源，并展示了适用于其他致密遥远源的校正方法。
英文摘要
Characterizing compact sources in the early Universe is difficult because light from physically distinct components can overlap within the same diffraction-limited image. A common method uses field stars to model how a single point of light appears and from this estimates the intrinsic structure and contributions of the physical components of the distant object under study. Many important properties inferred for high-redshift objects depend on the accuracy of this method. Using the little red dots (LRDs) analysed by Zhang et al. as a test case, this work shows that applying the method through broad filters to objects whose spectra differ from those of the field stars can systematically misassign light, overestimating an existing extended component or creating an apparent one where none exists. At the measured level, this error is large enough to alter the inferred sizes, luminosities and masses, and therefore the physical interpretation of these systems. The physical and mathematical origin of the error is established and a correction applicable to other compact distant sources is demonstrated.
Comments29 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. Matters Arising submitted to Nature Astronomy. Source Data at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22182425
