无穷小不可逆过程的d'Q = TdS：论克劳修斯不等式的微分形式
d'Q = TdS for Infinitesimal Irreversible Processes: On the Differential Form of the Clausius Inequality
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对无穷小不可逆过程的克劳修斯不等式微分形式，证明无穷小准静态不可逆过程的正确一阶形式为d'Q=TdS，提供内部熵产生为二阶或更高阶的纯热力学证明，确认熵为明确定义的状态量。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
传统上，克劳修斯不等式的微分形式被用于无穷小不可逆过程。我们证明，无穷小准静态不可逆过程的正确一阶形式是等式d'Q=TdS，而非d'Q < TdS。这提供了纯热力学证明，表明内部熵产生是二阶或更高阶的，且确认即使包含准静态不可逆过程，熵仍为明确定义的状态量，无需借助玻尔兹曼关系。
英文摘要
Conventionally, the differential form of the Clausius inequality is adopted for infinitesimal irreversible processes. We show that the correct first-order form for infinitesimal quasi-static irreversible processes is the equality d'Q=TdS rather than d'Q < TdS. This provides a purely thermodynamic proof that internal entropy production is second-order or higher and confirms that entropy remains a well-defined state quantity even when quasi-static irreversible processes are included, without resorting to the Boltzmann relation.
