发表机构
Bocconi University; Northwestern University(博科尼大学; 西北大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究非自伴几乎马蒂厄矩阵的谱,推导相关钱伯斯公式,分离特征多项式的特定部分,证明其零点分布性质,计算偶数阶矩阵的极限特征值测度,明确苏格兰旗矩阵的谱位置。
AI 中文摘要
对于 $N\geq 3$ 且势相位 $\vartheta\in\mathbb{R}$,我们研究非自伴几乎马蒂厄矩阵,该矩阵由离散拉普拉斯算子乘以复相位角 $\varphi\in\mathbb{R}$ 得到,表达式为 $A_N(\varphi,\vartheta)=e^{i\varphi}(S+S^{-1})/2+\operatorname{diag}(\cos(2\pi j/N+\vartheta))_{j\in\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}}$,其中 $S e_j=e_{j+1}$ 是 $\mathbb{C}^N$ 上的周期移位算子。我们推导了钱伯斯(Chambers)公式,并分离出特征多项式中仅依赖 $N$ 和 $\varphi$、与 $\vartheta$ 或移位算子边界条件变化无关的部分 $Q_{N,\varphi}$。随后证明,对每个 $N$,$Q_{N,\varphi}$ 的零点位于两条垂直直线 $e^{i\varphi/2}\mathbb{R}\cup e^{i(\varphi/2+\pi/2)}\mathbb{R}$ 上。对于偶数 $N$,当 $\vartheta\in 2\pi\mathbb{Z}/N$ 时,矩阵 $A_N(\varphi,\vartheta)$ 也满足该性质,且我们显式计算了它们的极限特征值测度。当 $\varphi\in[-\pi,\pi]$ 时,特征值分布近似为椭圆积分密度,质量分别为 $1-|\varphi|/\pi$ 和 $|\varphi|/\pi$,最大半径分别为 $2|\cos(\varphi/2)|$ 和 $2|\sin(\varphi/2)|$。在 $\varphi=\pi/2$ 时,中心多项式 $Q_{N,\varphi}$ 可分解为四次正因子,这证明了特雷费森(Trefethen)和查普曼(Chapman)提出的苏格兰旗(Scottish flag)矩阵的谱位于圣安德鲁十字的两条对角线上。
英文摘要
For $N\geq 3$ and a potential phase $\vartheta\in\mathbb{R}$, we study the non-self-adjoint almost Mathieu matrix obtained by multiplying the discrete Laplacian by a complex phase with angle $φ\in\mathbb{R}$, $A_N(φ,\vartheta)=e^{iφ}(S+S^{-1})/2+\operatorname{diag}(\cos(2πj/N+\vartheta))_{j\in\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}}$, where $S e_j=e_{j+1}$ is the periodic shift on $\mathbb{C}^N$. We derive a Chambers formula and isolate the part $Q_{N,φ}$ of the characteristic polynomial that depends only on $N$ and $φ$, but not on $\vartheta$ or on a change of boundary conditions for the shift operator. We then show, for every $N$, that the zeros of $Q_{N,φ}$ lie on the two perpendicular lines $e^{iφ/2}\mathbb{R}\cup e^{i(φ/2+π/2)}\mathbb{R}$. For even $N$, the same property holds for the matrices $A_N(φ,\vartheta)$ with $\vartheta\in 2π\mathbb{Z}/N$, and we compute their limiting eigenvalue measure explicitly. For $φ\in[-π,π]$, the eigenvalue distribution approximates elliptic-integral densities with masses $1-|φ|/π$ and $|φ|/π$, and maximal radii $2|\cos(φ/2)|$ and $2|\sin(φ/2)|$, respectively. At $φ=π/2$, the central polynomial $Q_{N,φ}$ factors into positive quartic factors. This proves that the Scottish flag matrix, after Trefethen and Chapman, has its spectrum on the two diagonal lines of the saltire.