发表机构
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究解决了大气分馏逃逸问题，发现星风仅分馏贫氢次生大气，为太阳系及系外行星大气演化提供统一解释，还可用于JWST观测的岩质系外行星气体保留排序。
AI 中文摘要
行星大气受恒星辐射加热后会以星风形式流失，带走部分气体并留下其他气体，其比例未知。这种分馏过程记录了类地行星的惰性气体特征，也决定了热系外行星能保留哪些气体。我们针对任意成分解决了分馏逃逸问题：星风仅会对贫氢的次生大气进行气体分选，而会整体移除富氢的原生大气。该代数解可涵盖所有已发表公式作为特例，为太阳系及系外行星的大气演化提供统一解释。火星上氩的分馏剥离了碳却保留了氪；金星保留的氩限制了其水被移除时的星风强度；地球的氙记录排除了中性星风；该解还能对詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST）观测下的岩质系外行星可保留的气体进行排序。
英文摘要
A planet's atmosphere, heated by starlight, can flow off as a wind, taking some gases and leaving others in unknown proportions. Yet this selection wrote the noble-gas records of the terrestrial planets, and decides which gases hot exoplanets keep. We solve this fractionated escape problem for arbitrary composition: a wind sorts gases only for secondary, hydrogen-poor atmospheres, and removes primary, hydrogen-rich atmospheres wholesale. The algebraic solution recovers every published formula as special cases. It provides a unified interpretation of atmospheric evolution across the Solar System and exoplanets. Fractionating argon on Mars stripped carbon while sparing krypton, Venus' retained argon constrains the wind intensity that removed its water, Earth's xenon record excludes a neutral wind. The same solution ranks the rocky exoplanets under JWST observation by the gases they can keep.
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