问题的语言选择市场：生成式搜索界面商业推荐中，查询语言与退出IP为可分离因素
The Language of the Question Selects the Market: Query Language and Exit IP as Separable Factors in Commercial Recommendations from a Generative Search Interface
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究通过对ChatGPT及OpenAI API的234次受控探测，发现生成式搜索的商业推荐中，查询语言与退出IP是可分离因素，语言决定本地供应商是否出现，IP决定市场归属，且不稳定性是系统属性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
当生成式搜索界面回答商业问题时，其命名哪个市场的产品，是在模型对产品进行推理之前就决定的。我们报告了一项受控探测，针对未登录的ChatGPT网页界面和OpenAI API开展，共收集2026年8月29日至30日期间、四个退出国家、六种查询语言下的234次运行数据，每个单元对应六次相同运行。得出三个结果：第一，顶级推荐不稳定：六个提示中有四个的六次相同运行中推荐结果发生变化，且该比率在浏览器界面、启用网页搜索的API、禁用网页搜索的API中均相同，因此不稳定性是系统的属性，而非界面的属性。第二，查询语言而非位置决定本地供应商是否出现：当查询语言与国家匹配时，24次运行中仅有1次选择全球品牌；在相同网络环境下用英语提问时，爱沙尼亚和土耳其的6次运行中均未选择本地品牌。第三，语言和位置是可分离的，且作用于不同对象：固定查询语言仅移动退出IP，会改变所命名品牌的市场，而回答仍保持查询语言。我们在两个不相关的案例中展示了这一点：从柏林用土耳其语提问，从塔林用俄语提问，两种情况下回答均命名了所在国的供应商。少数语言处于中间层级：从爱沙尼亚用俄语提问时，6次运行中有4次命名爱沙尼亚供应商，6次均命名全球供应商；用爱沙尼亚语提问时，所有运行均命名本地供应商；用英语提问时，无一次命名本地供应商。对同一类别进行的阴性对照实验（采用相同工具编码）未显示任何语言效应，这与我们自身的预期相悖：该类别确实有国内供应商，但未以任何语言命名，这表明解释指向类别是否受国家监管，而非是否受国家供应。
英文摘要
When a generative search interface answers a commercial question, which market's products it names is decided before the model reasons about the products. We report a controlled probe of 234 runs against the logged-out ChatGPT web interface and the OpenAI API, collected on 29 and 30 August 2026 across four exit countries and six query languages, with six identical runs per cell. Three results. First, the top recommendation is unstable: it changed across six identical runs on four of six prompts, and that rate was identical in the browser interface and in the API with web search both enabled and disabled, so instability is a property of the system and not of the surface. Second, query language, and not location, decides whether local suppliers appear at all. Where the query language matched the country, a global brand won 1 of 24 runs; asked in English on the same connections, local brands took 0 of 6 runs in Estonia and Turkiye. Third, language and location are separable and act on different things: holding the query language fixed and moving only the exit IP moves the market whose brands are named while the answer stays in the query language. We show this on two unrelated pairs, Turkish asked from Berlin and Russian asked from Tallinn, and in both the answer names the resident country's suppliers. A minority language occupies a middle tier: Russian asked from Estonia names an Estonian supplier in 4 of 6 runs and a global one in all six, where Estonian names a local supplier in every run and English names none. A negative control in a second category, coded with the same instrument, shows no language effect at all, and disconfirms our own expectation: that category does have domestic suppliers and none was named in any language, which points the explanation at whether a category is nationally regulated rather than at whether it is nationally supplied.
发表机构
- Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences（爱沙尼亚应用科技大学）
- Rankfor.AI OÜ（Rankfor.AI 有限责任公司）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
