利用高分辨率X射线成像推进基础物理学与宇宙学研究
Advancing Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with high-resolution X-ray imaging
AI总结：
该研究提出超高分辨率X射线成像（uXRI）技术，可通过黑洞X射线成像检验引力理论、探测星系团等离子体与暗物质、测量脉冲星视差，为基础物理与宇宙学研究提供新手段。
AI中文摘要：
黑洞是解决基础物理学中诸多未解问题的关键，尤其是星系中心超大质量黑洞展现出的极端特性，使其成为强场 regime 下检验引力理论的理想候选体。由于X射线产生于极端物理条件下的物质，超高分辨率X射线成像（uXRI）将直接以X射线波段对黑洞事件视界附近区域成像，类似射电波段的事件视界望远镜，实现对超大质量黑洞附近广义相对论及替代引力理论的前所未有的检验。另一方面，星系团有望揭示宇宙学中的诸多未知，uXRI将通过探测星系团内介质的小尺度等离子体特性释放这一潜力，为将星系团确立为高精度宇宙学的可靠工具提供缺失的关键环节。此外，uXRI将通过自行运动测量实现对星系团动力学中暗物质的 mapping，还将开辟精确X射线天体测量的新领域，支持脉冲星视差测量以助力纳赫兹引力波搜寻。
英文摘要：
Black Holes are the key to solving many unanswered questions in fundamental physics: in particular, the very extreme properties shown by supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies make them obvious candidates for testing gravity theories in the strong-field regime. Since X-rays are generated by matter under extreme physical conditions, ultra-high resolution X-ray imaging (uXRI) will directly image the region near the event horizon of black holes in X-rays, similar to the Event Horizon Telescope in the radio band, enabling unprecedented tests of General Relativity and alternative theories of gravity near supermassive black holes. On the other hand, clusters of galaxies hold the potential of unveiling many unknowns in cosmology. uXRI will unlock this potential by probing small-scale plasma properties in the intracluster medium, providing the missing link required to establish galaxy clusters as reliable tools for high-precision cosmology. Moreover, uXRI will enable mapping of Dark Matter from galaxy cluster dynamics via proper motion measurements. Finally, uXRI will open a new field of precision X-ray astrometry, allowing for measuring pulsar parallaxes to support nanoHertz gravitational wave searches.
