发表机构
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University; State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam; Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center (LESEC), China National Space Administration (CNSA); Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (DSEL)（北京大学地球与空间科学学院; 中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气重点实验室; 波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所; 中国国家航天局月球探测与空间工程中心; 深空探测实验室）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出集成探测解释框架，结合PlanetProfile等工具，通过磁、等离子体、地震测量打破海卫一海洋厚度与电导率的简并，为其探测提供方法支撑。
AI 中文摘要
海卫一是海王星最大的卫星，是海洋世界的主要探测目标。约束其海洋厚度、成分和电导率对宜居性评估至关重要，但仅靠磁感应无法解决厚度与电导率的简并问题，且海卫一空间电流产生的磁扰动会掩盖内部感应信号。我们提出一种集成的探测与解释概念，关联四个物理自洽的计算：使用「PlanetProfile」构建统一的径向内部结构（温度、密度、电导率、地震波速）；再用「MoonMag」计算该电导率剖面在会合周期、自转周期和轨道周期下的一阶磁感应响应；开展多流体「SWMF」模拟，将感应偶极子作为内边界条件，并开发库仑规范泊松重构以分离空间电流磁场；最后开发「TritonSeis」工作流（三维地震正演模拟加分层走时反演），以约束冰-海洋和海洋-岩石界面的深度。我们发现，感应对海洋电导率的敏感性远高于对层厚度的敏感性，且空间电流场的振幅与内部感应信号相当。五台合成恢复测试可一阶精度分辨两个界面，冰壳误差为+8.4%，海洋误差为-12.5%。在保守噪声假设下，100-1000公里震中距处的最小可检测震级约为3.8-4.6。据我们所知，泊松重构和端到端地震恢复是针对海卫一的首批此类定量演示。协调的磁场、等离子体和地震测量具有互补性，可打破电导率-厚度简并问题，为未来海卫一探测提供框架。
英文摘要
Triton, Neptune's largest moon, is a prime ocean-world target. Constraining ocean thickness, composition, and conductivity is essential for habitability assessment, but magnetic induction alone cannot resolve the thickness-conductivity degeneracy, and magnetic perturbations from Triton's space currents can obscure the internal induction signal. We present an integrated detection-and-interpretation concept linking four physically consistent calculations. Using `PlanetProfile', we construct a common radial interior structure (temperature, density, conductivity, seismic-wave speed). We then use `MoonMag' to compute the degree-one magnetic-induction response from that conductivity profile at the synodic, rotational, and orbital periods. We perform a multi-fluid `SWMF' simulation with the induced dipole as the inner-boundary condition and develop a Coulomb-gauge Poisson reconstruction to isolate space-current magnetic fields. Finally, we develop the `TritonSeis' workflow, three-dimensional seismic forward modeling plus hierarchical travel-time inversion, to constrain the ice-ocean and ocean-rock interface depths. We find that induction is substantially more sensitive to ocean conductivity than to layer thickness, and that space-current fields are comparable in amplitude to the internal induction signal. A five-station synthetic recovery test resolves both interfaces to first order, with errors of +8.4% for the ice shell and -12.5% for the ocean. Under a conservative noise assumption, the minimum detectable magnitudes are approximately 3.8-4.6 at epicentral distances of 100-1000 km. The Poisson reconstruction and end-to-end seismic recovery are, to our knowledge, the first such quantitative demonstrations for Triton. Coordinated magnetic, plasma, and seismic measurements are complementary and can break the conductivity-thickness degeneracy, providing a framework for future Triton exploration.
Comments30 pages, 12 figures, and 4 tables
