深池上的斜向液滴撞击中的溅射 regime 转变与二次液滴标度律
Splashing-regime transitions and secondary-droplet scaling in oblique drop impacts on a deep pool
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究通过数值模拟揭示斜向液滴撞击深池时，定向撞击惯性主导溅射 regime 选择，二次液滴破碎遵循共同的毛细-惯性标度律，解释了实验观测到的液滴数标度现象。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
斜向液滴撞击深液池会产生非对称冠、定向射流和溅射转变，这些无法仅用总撞击惯性来表征。我们对静止深池上的水滴撞击进行数值研究，范围为韦伯数 $41\leq We\leq1790$，撞击角 $10^\circ\leq\theta\leq90^\circ$。模拟重现了实验观测到的主要特征，并在 We-θ 平面上确定了五种撞击后 regime：沉积、前部溅射、侧面溅射、侧前部溅射和冠溅射。沉积-前部溅射转变由切向惯性参数 $K_s=We\cos\theta$ 描述，临界值 $K_s^c\approx120$，该判据源于下游冠缘惯性与 Taylor-Culick 速度下毛细回缩的竞争。从前部到侧前部溅射的转变则主要由法向撞击惯性控制，临界法向韦伯数 $We_N^c\approx318$。除这些 regime 转变外，二次液滴统计揭示了不同溅射 regime 共有的破碎行为：液滴尺寸分布呈正偏态，中值直径满足 $d_{s,\mathrm{med}}/D\sim We^{-3/5}$；二阶速度结构函数支持对冠缘和韧带破碎的尺度依赖毛细-惯性描述。结合质量守恒，该标度律给出 $N_s\sim We^{9/5}$，为实验观测到的二次液滴数标度律提供了数值解释。因此，定向撞击惯性主导溅射 regime 的宏观选择，而这些 regime 中的二次液滴群体表现出共同的毛细-惯性破碎标度律。
英文摘要
Oblique drop impact onto a deep liquid pool produces asymmetric crowns, directional jetting, and splashing transitions that cannot be characterized by the total impact inertia alone. We numerically investigate water drops impacting a quiescent deep pool over $41\leq We\leq1790$ and $10^\circ\leqθ\leq90^\circ$. The simulations reproduce the principal features observed experimentally and identify five post-impact regimes in the $We$--$θ$ plane: deposition, front splashing, side splashing, side-front splashing, and crown splashing. The deposition--front-splashing transition is described by the tangential-inertial parameter $K_s=We\cosθ$, with $K_s^c\approx120$. This criterion follows from the competition between downstream crown-rim inertia and capillary retraction at the Taylor--Culick velocity. The transition from front to side-front splashing is instead governed primarily by normal impact inertia, with a critical normal Weber number $We_N^c\approx318$. Beyond these regime transitions, the secondary-droplet statistics reveal fragmentation behavior common to the different splashing regimes. The droplet-size distributions are positively skewed, and the median diameter follows $d_{s,\mathrm{med}}/D\sim We^{-3/5}$. Second-order velocity structure functions support a scale-dependent capillary--inertial description of rim and ligament breakup. Combined with mass conservation, this scaling gives $N_s\sim We^{9/5}$, providing a numerical explanation for the secondary-droplet-number scaling observed experimentally. Thus, directional impact inertia governs the macroscopic selection of splashing regimes, whereas the secondary-droplet populations across these regimes exhibit a common capillary--inertial fragmentation scaling.
发表机构
- Guangdong Ocean University（广东海洋大学）
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