AO3k + SCExAO：双XAO系统的在轨波前质量与新型WFS技术演示
AO3k + SCExAO: on-sky wavefront quality and demonstration of novel WFS techniques with the double XAO system
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- Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS)（国立天文台）
- Astrobiology Center of NINS（国立自然科学研究院天体生物学中心）
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文与空间科学研究院）
- Optical Sharpeners（光学锐化公司）
- Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学光学科学学院）
- Space Science and Engineering Initiative, College of Engineering, University of Hawai‘i（夏威夷大学工程学院太空科学与工程计划）
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii（夏威夷大学天文学研究所）
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文介绍双XAO系统AO3k+SCExAO的在轨高对比度性能，演示新型波前控制技术，该系统由AO3k馈送，可支持系外行星等观测及相关技术研发。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
斯巴鲁日冕仪极端自适应光学（SCExAO）系统由其上游的3000致动器“低音”（AO3k）馈送，既是高对比度成像（HCI）技术成熟的平台，也是用于系外行星和原行星盘成像、光谱学及偏振测量的科学仪器。SCExAO工作于可见光和近红外波段，提供多种仪器配置选择。过去一年，AO3k/SCExAO进行了重大升级，在简化科学操作的同时提升了性能并支持新发展。新配置配备了光束切换器，可在多个仪器模块间分配光。该系统正朝着多个波前传感器（WFS）与自适应光学（AO）校正级更紧密集成的方向发展，第一级（AO3k）提供可见光和近红外WFS及激光层析成像。AO3k+SCExAO自2025年10月起全面运行，即使在高达2角秒的差视宁度条件下也展现出极高的在轨稳定性。两个XAO串联使我们能在第二级XAO回路部署专为高对比度成像优化的先进波前控制技术（如散斑归零、EFC、日冕仪LOWFS、Fast and Furious），因为仅AO3k就能提供高对比度点扩散函数（PSF）。当前活跃的研究领域包括使用光子器件进行光谱分散干涉传感、从WFS遥测重建PSF，以及非线性传感器（焦平面和曲率）。近期计算机基础设施升级旨在支持这些研发工作并提供丰富的实验协作环境。本文将介绍AO3k、AO3k+SCExAO的在轨高对比度性能表征，以及改善日冕仪后对比度的新型波前控制技术的在轨演示。
英文摘要
The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) system, fed by its upstream 3000-actuator "woofer" (AO3k), serves both as a platform for high contrast imaging (HCI) technology maturation and as a science instrument for imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry of exoplanets and disks. SCExAO operates in the visible and near-IR and offers a wide choice of instrument configurations. Over the last year, AO3k/SCExAO underwent significant upgrades to bring improved capabilities and support new developments, all while easing science operations. The new configuration features a beam switcher so that light can be shared between several instrument modules. The system is evolving toward a tighter integration between multiple WFSs and AO stages of correction, with the first stage (AO3k) providing visible and nearIR WFSing, as well as laser tomography. AO3k+SCExAO has been fully operational since October 2025, demonstrating very high stability on-sky, even in bad seeing conditions up to 2". Having two XAO in series allows us to deploy advanced wavefront control techniques optimized for high-contrast imaging (e.g. speckle nulling, EFC, Coronagraphic LOWFS, Fast and Furious) on the second-stage XAO loop, as AO3k by itself delivers high-contrast PSFs already. Areas of active ongoing research include use of photonic devices for spectrally dispersed interferometric sensing, PSF reconstruction from WFS telemetry, and non-linear sensors (focal plane and curvature). Recent upgrades to the computer infrastructure are aimed at supporting these R\&D efforts and providing a rich collaborative environment for experimentation. In this paper, we will present on-sky high-contrast performance characterization of AO3k, AO3k+SCExAO, and on-sky demonstrations of novel wavefront control techniques to improve the contrast behind the coronagraph.
