低能缪子-核子散射实验：LUNE白皮书
Low-energy Muon-Nucleon scattering experiment: LUNE (White Paper)
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究依托HIAF缪子源，通过LUNE实验分两阶段开展低能缪子-核子散射研究，以解决质子电荷半径谜题等核与粒子物理基础问题，为核子三维结构等提供新认知。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
HIAF（强流重离子加速器装置）将提供动量范围为0.5至7.5 GeV/c的高强度、高品质缪子束流，该能量区间恰好适配缪子精确散射研究，填补了低能电子设施与未来高能轻子-强子对撞机之间的空白。具体而言，HIAF可在宽运动学范围内利用正、负缪子束流开展精确测量，与JLab、EicC、EIC等现有电子散射设施形成互补。基于HIAF缪子源，LUNE合作组已成立，旨在解决核物理与粒子物理领域的若干基础问题，包括质子电荷半径谜题、核子电磁结构、量子电动力学及强相互作用动力学。该实验计划分两个阶段推进，从弹性散射研究延伸至核子结构及超出标准模型的搜索。预计利用缪子-质子弹性散射，可将质子电荷半径的测量精度提升至约1.0%；同时将利用μ+和μ-束流对质子电磁形状因子开展系统测量，以精确研究双光子交换效应并严格检验量子电动力学。除弹性散射外，LUNE还将研究TMD（横动量依赖部分子分布）、引力形状因子及核电荷半径，为核子与原子核的三维结构提供新认知；还将探讨库仑扭曲修正、核介质效应及超出标准模型的可能物理信号。本白皮书阐述了LUNE的科学动机、探测器概念、预期性能及长期战略。
英文摘要
The HIAF will provide high-intensity, high-quality muon beams with momenta from 0.5 to 7.5 GeV/c. This energy range is uniquely suited for precision muon scattering, bridging the gap between low-energy electron facilities and future high-energy lepton-ion colliders. In particular, HIAF will enable precision measurements with both positive and negative muon beams over a broad kinematic range, complementing existing electron-scattering facilities such as JLab, EicC and EIC. Based on HIAF muon source, the LUNE Collaboration has been established to address several fundamental questions in nuclear and particle physics, including the proton charge radius puzzle, nucleon electromagnetic structure, and the dynamics of quantum electrodynamics and hadronic interactions. The program proceeds in two phases, from elastic scattering to nucleon structure and beyond-Standard-Model searches. The experiment is expected to determine the proton charge radius with a precision of approximately 1.0\% using elastic muon-proton scattering. It will also perform systematic measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factors with both $μ^+$ and $μ^-$ beams, enabling precise studies of two-photon exchange effects and stringent tests of quantum electrodynamics. Beyond elastic scattering, LUNE will investigate TMD, gravitational form factors, and nuclear charge radii, providing new insights into the 3D structure of nucleons and nuclei. The experiment will further address important topics including Coulomb-distortion corrections, nuclear medium effects, and possible signatures of physics beyond the Standard Model. This white paper presents the scientific motivation, detector concept, expected performance, and long-term strategy of LUNE.
发表机构
- Central China Normal University（华中师范大学）
- Hohai University（河海大学）
- Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
