FIREQ：用于读出和量子比特控制的FPGA仪器
FIREQ: FPGA Instrumentation for Readout and Qubit control
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究人员开发了基于RFSoC的开源框架FIREQ，用于超导量子比特的控制与读出，该框架具备高分辨率时序与低资源占用等优势，经实验验证可用于量子比特相关测量及评估其他IP架构。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出FIREQ（FPGA Instrumentation for Readout and Qubit control），这是一个基于RFSoC的开源框架，用于超导量子比特的控制与读出。FIREQ将模块化的AXI兼容固件架构与基于PYNQ的软件栈相结合，旨在支持可扩展的硬件集成、确定性实验时序，以及低开销的重复校准和表征工作流执行。固件实现了直接射频合成与采集、基于触发的序列、可编程脉冲生成、频分复用读出，以及内存高效的采集与波形缓冲。软件采用客户端-服务器架构，具备流式数据传输和依赖感知的配置更新功能，以减少参数扫描期间的主机-设备及重配置开销。在AMD Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC ZCU216上，FIREQ可生成最高9.3 GHz的射频脉冲，脉冲持续时间分辨率达107 ps，事件时序分辨率为1.7 ns。将FPGA资源利用率与代表性开源RFSoC控制框架对比，结果显示FIREQ的BRAM占用量低，同时保持全速率I/Q生成与采集。对射频输出的相位噪声、噪声谱密度及通道间时序偏移进行了表征。通过谐振器光谱、拉比（Rabi）、拉曼（Ramsey）及弛豫测量在超导量子比特上验证了端到端操作，测得T1=6.94 μs、T2*=13.50 μs。因此，FIREQ既可作为量子比特控制平台，也可作为评估替代控制与读出IP架构的实验环境。
英文摘要
We present FIREQ (FPGA Instrumentation for Readout and Qubit control), an open-source RFSoC-based framework for the control and readout of superconducting qubits. FIREQ combines a modular AXI-compliant firmware architecture with a PYNQ-based software stack designed to support extensible hardware integration, deterministic experiment timing, and low-overhead execution of repeated calibration and characterization workflows. The firmware implements direct RF synthesis and acquisition, trigger-based sequencing, programmable pulse generation, frequency-multiplexed readout, and memory-efficient acquisition and waveform buffering. The software adopts a client-server architecture with streamed data transfer and dependency-aware configuration updates to reduce host-device and reconfiguration overhead during parameter sweeps. On an AMD Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC ZCU216, FIREQ generates RF pulses up to 9.3 GHz with a pulse-duration resolution of 107 ps and an event-timing resolution of 1.7 ns. FPGA resource utilization is compared with representative open-source RFSoC control frameworks, showing a low BRAM footprint while retaining full-rate I/Q generation and acquisition. The RF output is characterized in terms of phase noise, noise spectral density, and inter-channel timing skew. End-to-end operation is validated on a superconducting qubit through resonator spectroscopy, Rabi, Ramsey, and relaxation measurements, yielding T1 = 6.94 us and T2* = 13.50 us. FIREQ can therefore be used both as a qubit-control platform and as an experimental environment for evaluating alternative control and readout IP architectures.
发表机构
- Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学）
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia（意大利国家地球物理与火山学研究所）
- University of Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）
- INFN - Milano Bicocca（意大利国家核物理研究所-米兰比可卡分部）
- Bicocca Quantum Technologies (BiQuTe) Centre（比可卡量子技术中心）
- INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati（意大利国家核物理研究所-弗拉斯卡蒂国家实验室）
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