为引力波传感优化超导微波腔

中文摘要 AI 辅助

加载射频场的超导微波腔是探寻新物理产生的弱力或电磁扰动的有力工具，这类信号的一个来源是宇宙学或未知天体物理事件发射的高频引力波。但要达到理论模型所激发的参数空间，仍需大幅提升灵敏度。本研究提出一种可指导该类探测器在宽频率范围和多种信号形式下设计的形式体系，通过整合所有相关参数的相互依赖性及电磁场对腔结构的反作用，描述了如何为大量相关实验装置推导品质因数。利用二维模型，我们对该形式体系进行了演示，并给出了优化后腔几何结构的示例。结果表明，与相同尺寸的现有原型相比，仅几何结构的选择就能将信噪比功率提升一个数量级；同时，不同的物理目标对应不同的最优腔，这证明在设计新探测器的早期阶段就需要考虑这类品质因数。

英文摘要

Superconducting microwave cavities loaded with radio frequency fields are a powerful tool to search for weak forces or electromagnetic perturbations due to new physics. One source of such signals can be high-frequency gravitational waves emitted from cosmological or unknown astrophysical events. However, large sensitivity improvements are still necessary to reach the parameter space motivated by theoretical models. In this work, we present a formalism to guide the design of such detectors across a broad range of frequencies and signal forms. By incorporating the interdependencies of all relevant parameters and the back-action of the electromagnetic fields on the cavity structure, we describe how figures of merit can be derived for a broad class of relevant experimental setups. Using a two-dimensional model, we demonstrate this formalism and present examples for optimized cavity geometries. We find that the choice of geometry alone can increase the signal-to-noise power ratio by an order of magnitude compared to an existing prototype of the same size. We also show that different physics goals lead to different optimal cavities, thus proving the need to consider such figures of merit at an early stage when designing a new detector.

发表机构

• ETH Zurich（苏黎世联邦理工学院）
• Universität Hamburg（汉堡大学）
• Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器中心）

机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。