发表机构
University of Houston; Texas A&M University; Kent State University（休斯顿大学; 德克萨斯农工大学; 肯特州立大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究利用量子多体理论，探究中子星及其并合中强耦合夸克物质的特性，其结果与中子星物态方程观测约束一致，证实了强耦合夸克物质的存在。
AI 中文摘要
在高能重离子对撞中发现的强耦合夸克胶子等离子体（sQGP）揭示了高温下物质的显著特性，其输运系数接近强耦合量子场论所推测的界限。sQGP的高对撞率意味着极大的能量不确定性和准粒子结构的熔化。我们采用基于自洽T矩阵方法的量子多体理论研究高温sQGP，探究其在中子星及其并合所处的高重子密度、低温条件下的表现。我们利用量子色动力学关于重子数 susceptibility 的第一性原理信息，约束夸克相互作用核的化学势依赖关系。在高密度下仍存在极大的对撞宽度，且发现其会将超导相限制在相当小的温度范围内。相反，在与中子星并合相关的条件下，热力学中占主导的是强耦合双夸克液体。在较低密度下，双夸克取代单夸克的贡献，暗示了强子化的一条途径。我们的结果与中子星物态方程的观测约束一致，证实了这些天体内部存在强耦合夸克物质。
英文摘要
The discovery of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) in high-energy heavy-ion collisions has revealed remarkable properties of matter at high temperature, with transport coefficients close to conjectured bounds from quantum field theory at strong coupling. The high sQGP collision rates imply very large energy uncertainties and the melting of quasiparticle structures. Deploying quantum many-body theory based on the self-consistent $T$-matrix approach for the sQGP at high temperature, we investigate its manifestation at high baryon density and low temperature, as present in neutron stars and their mergers. We constrain the chemical-potential dependence of the quark interaction kernel using first-principles information from Quantum Chromodynamics on baryon-number susceptibilities. Very large collisional widths persist at large density and are found to relegate superconducting phases to rather small temperatures. Instead, a strongly coupled diquark liquid prevails in the thermodynamics under the conditions relevant to neutron-star mergers. At lower densities, the diquarks take over from the single-quark contributions, suggesting a pathway toward hadronization. Our results are consistent with observational constraints on the equation of state of neutron stars, corroborating the presence of strongly coupled quark matter in the interior of these objects.
Comments7 + 8 (Methods and Extended data) pages, 4 + 7 figures, 2 tables
