发表机构
Naveen Jindal School of Management, University of Texas at Dallas; School of Economics and Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University（德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校纳文·金达尔管理学院; 厦门大学经济学院及王亚南经济研究院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文研究预期事后审视的智能体的菜单选择问题，提出保守主义公理，刻画了菜单偏好的审视表示，结合随机选择数据可确定私人信息与审视强度，其应用为问责制设计提供启示。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究这样一种情境：智能体在从菜单中做选择前会收到私人信息，且预期会受到事后审视。这种审视催生了对菜单扩展的保守动机。我们的核心公理“保守主义”是对灵活性偏好的直接弱化：当添加选项不会改变菜单的事后基准时，该选项是弱有益的。结合标准公理，保守主义刻画了一种菜单偏好的审视表示，其中智能体的行为表现为，根据知情选择的物质价值减去预期审视来评估每个菜单。菜单偏好可确定唯一的私人信息与审视强度的最小对，若结合后续随机选择数据则可确定实际的该对。将模型应用于医疗责任与企业创新，阐释了其对问责制设计的启示。
英文摘要
We study a setting in which an agent receives private information before choosing from a menu and anticipates hindsight scrutiny. Such scrutiny creates a motive for conservatism toward menu expansions. Our key axiom, conservatism, is a direct weakening of preference for flexibility: Adding an option is weakly beneficial whenever it leaves the menu's hindsight benchmark unchanged. Together with standard axioms, conservatism characterizes a scrutiny representation of preferences over menus in which the agent behaves as if she evaluates each menu by subtracting anticipated scrutiny from the material value of informed choice. Menu preference identifies a unique minimum pair of private information and scrutiny intensity, while incorporating subsequent stochastic-choice data pins down the actual pair. Applications to medical liability and corporate innovation illustrate the implications of our model for accountability design.
