发表机构
University of Idaho（爱达荷大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究针对火星 regolith 暴露开展多途径定量健康风险评估，明确 Cr、Co 为关键非致癌危害、Cr 为主要致癌风险，提出需 95% HEPA 级过滤结合化学吸附以保障火星任务安全。
AI 中文摘要
随着人类火星任务从概念规划走向现实，对火星 regolith 暴露进行系统的定量健康风险评估已变得至关重要。本研究针对一名体重 70 千克的成年宇航员在为期 18 个月的表面任务中，开展了火星 regolith 的多元素、多途径健康危害综合分析，采用整体硅酸盐火星地球化学数据和地球上地壳参考值作为基线对比指标。我们计算了有毒重金属在全部三种暴露途径（经口摄入、吸入、皮肤接触）下的平均每日剂量、危害商数、危害指数、富集因子、生态风险因子以及增量终身癌症风险，涉及四种过滤场景（0%、25%、50%、95%）。结果表明，Cr 和 Co 是最关键的非致癌危害，即使在 50% 过滤条件下也超过了监管阈值（危害指数 HI > 1），而 Cr 还构成最显著的致癌风险，接近 10⁻⁴ 的监管阈值水平。要将 Cr 降低至可接受的非致癌危害水平，至少需要 92% 的 regolith 过滤效率。在所有低于 95% 的过滤水平下，Ni 均超过了 10⁻⁶ 的可接受癌症风险阈值。在未过滤场景中，除 Cr 和 Co 外，没有其他元素超过 HI = 1，尽管 Fe、Ni 和 Mn 已接近令人担忧的水平。这些结果表明，要管理 Cr 和 Co 的短期暴露以及 Cr、Ni 的长期暴露，需要最低 95% 的高效微粒空气（HEPA）级过滤效率结合主动化学吸附。本研究提供了一种针对特定途径的定量风险框架，适用于火星表面任务的栖息地空气质量标准和舱外活动（EVA）宇航服规范。
英文摘要
As human missions to Mars move from concept to planning to reality, a systematic quantitative health risk assessment of martian regolith exposure has become critically important. This study presents a comprehensive multi-element, multi-pathway health hazard analysis of martian regolith for a 70 kg adult astronaut on an 18-month surface mission, using bulk silicate Mars geochemical data and Earth Upper Continental Crust reference values as baseline comparators. We computed Average Daily Dose, Hazard Quotient, Hazard Index, Enrichment Factor, Ecological Risk Factor, and Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk across all three exposure pathways (oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact) for toxic and heavy metals, under four filtration scenarios (0%, 25%, 50%, 95%). Results demonstrate that Cr and Co represent the most critical non-carcinogenic hazards, exceeding the regulatory threshold (HI > 1) even at 50% filtration, while Cr also poses the most significant carcinogenic risk, near the $10^{-4}$ regulatory threshold level. At least 92% regolith filtration efficiency is required to reduce Cr to acceptable non-cancer hazard levels. Nickel exceeds the acceptable cancer risk threshold of $10^{-6}$ at all filtration levels below 95%. No element other than Cr and Co exceeds HI = 1 in the unfiltered scenario, although Fe, Ni and Mn approach concerning levels. These results establish that a minimum 95% High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)-grade filtration efficiency combined with active chemical sorption is required for acceptable Cr and Co short term exposure and Cr, Ni long term exposure management. This study provides a pathway-specific quantitative risk framework applicable to habitat air quality standards and EVA suit specifications for Mars surface operations
Comments41 pages, 11 figures, 1 Table
