发表机构
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República（共和国大学理学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究开发了一种低成本3D打印环形磁铁稳定悬浮实验装置，用于探究磁力与间距的定量关系，其结果与等效电流环模型吻合良好，相关设计文件已公开以支持可重复性。
AI 中文摘要
磁悬浮是物理学中最引人入胜的现象之一，兼具震撼的视觉效果与平衡态下力和相互作用的丰富基础物理内涵。然而，将其以定量形式引入本科实验室，常因静态磁系统的固有不稳定性及主动控制系统的高昂成本而受阻。本文提出一种简单、安全且成本极低的实验方案，采用环形铁氧体磁铁与通过3D打印制成的雌雄配置机械稳定系统。该装置使本科生可直接定量探究磁力大小与间距的关系。我们通过实验测试评估装置的鲁棒性，结果显示其与等效电流环模型具有极佳的定量一致性。此外，我们通过基于轴向磁场分布的互补、独立的第一性原理方法验证了该模型。为支持可重复性，3D设计文件已在公共开放获取仓库中提供。
英文摘要
Magnetic levitation is one of the most captivating phenomena in physics, combining a striking visual appeal with the rich underlying physics of forces and interactions in equilibrium. Bringing it into undergraduate laboratories in a quantitative way is nevertheless often hindered by the intrinsic instability of static magnetic systems and by the high cost of active control systems. Here we present a simple, safe, and very low-cost experiment that uses ring-shaped ferrite magnets together with a mechanical stabilization system fabricated by 3D printing in a male--female configuration. The apparatus lets undergraduate students explore directly and quantitatively the relationship between the magnitude of the magnetic force and the separation distance. We assess the robustness of the device through experimental tests, whose results show excellent quantitative agreement with the equivalent current-loop model. Furthermore, we validate this model through a complementary, independent first-principles-based methodology based on axial magnetic field profiling. To support reproducibility, the 3D design files are made available in a public, open-access repository.
