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GECKOS巡天:透镜状星系NGC 3957的并合历史

The GECKOS survey: Assembly history of the lenticular galaxy NGC 3957

Yuchen Ding, Marie Martig, Ling Zhu, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Ryan Leaman, Glenn van de Ven, Jesse van de Sande, Francesca Pinna, Eric Emsellem, Francesca Fragkoudi, Yunpeng Jin, Adriano Poci, Camila de Sá Freitas, Matthew Frosst, Runsheng Cai, Scott M Croom, Timothy A Davis, Rory Elliott, Michael R Hayden, Jesús Falcón-Barroso, Dimitri A Gadotti, Antonino Marasco, Lucas M Valenzuela, Zixian Wang, Emily Wisnioski, Meng Yang, Tayyaba Zafar

arXiv 2608.28744首次发表:更新:

发表机构

Liverpool John Moores University; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences; European Southern Observatory; University of Vienna; University of New South Wales; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias; Universidad de La Laguna; Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574; University of Durham(利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学; 中国科学院上海天文台; 欧洲南方天文台; 维也纳大学; 新南威尔士大学; 加那利群岛天体物理研究所; 拉古纳大学; 里昂大学、里昂第一大学、里昂高等师范学院、法国国家科学研究中心、里昂天体物理研究中心; 杜伦大学)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

AI 中文总结

本研究利用GECKOS巡天的MUSE数据,通过动力学分解分析透镜状星系NGC 3957的并合历史,发现其为中小质量星系群中演化的“褪色旋涡星系”,其褪色特征或模拟致密星系团的环境剥离。

AI 中文摘要

我们利用GECKOS巡天获取的深场积分场光谱MUSE数据,分析边缘透镜状星系NGC 3957的并合历史。通过应用尘埃校正的多高斯展开和恒星族群轨道叠加模型,我们分解出该星系的恒星运动学、年龄和金属丰度。我们对星系进行动力学分解,识别出三个不同的成分:动力学冷的主盘、致密核恒星盘(NSD)和热成分。核恒星盘是最年轻、金属丰度最高的成分(年龄t = 6.9 ± 0.4 Gyr;金属丰度[Z/H] = 0.49 ± 0.06 dex),这表明恒星棒是一个长寿结构,至少在约7 Gyr前形成。主恒星盘动力学冷(σz ~ 20-30 km/s),排除了过去约8 Gyr内发生过任何显著并合的可能,且在棒半径之外呈现出强烈的正年龄梯度(内部更年轻、外部更古老)。综合这些动力学化石记录,NGC 3957可能在中小质量星系群环境中演化成一个“褪色旋涡星系”:其外盘可能因温和的气体匮乏而被动褪色,而恒星棒驱动了持续的中心恒星形成。与后发座星系团的S0星系对比显示,这种内部 secular演化(内部 secular演化)与温和气体匮乏的结合会产生“由外而内”的褪色特征,可能模拟致密星系团中典型的环境剥离现象。

英文摘要

We analyse the assembly history of the edge-on lenticular galaxy NGC 3957 using deep integral-field spectroscopic MUSE data from the GECKOS survey. By applying a dust-corrected Multi-Gaussian Expansion and a population-orbit superposition model, we disentangle the galaxy's stellar kinematics, age, and metallicity. We dynamically decompose the galaxy and identify three distinct components: a dynamically-cold main disc, a compact Nuclear Stellar Disc (NSD), and a hot component. The NSD emerges as the youngest and most metal-rich component ($t = 6.9 \pm 0.4$ Gyr; $[Z/H] = 0.49 \pm 0.06$ dex), implying that the stellar bar is a long-lived structure that formed at least $\sim 7$ Gyr ago. The main stellar disc is dynamically cold ($σ_z \sim 20-30$ km/s), precluding any significant mergers over the last $\sim 8$ Gyr, and exhibits a strong positive age gradient (younger inside, older outside) beyond the bar radius. Synthesising these dynamical fossil records, NGC 3957 likely evolved as a `faded spiral' in a small-to-medium group environment. Its outer disc might passively fade due to mild gas starvation, while the bar fuelled prolonged central star formation. Comparison with S0s in the Fornax cluster reveals that this combination of internal secular evolution and mild starvation produces `outside-in' fading signatures that could mimic the environmental stripping typically seen in dense clusters.

CommentsAccepted to MNRAS; 28 pages, 21 figures (7 in Appendix)

DOI:10.1093/mnras/stag1634

论文原文

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