AI 中文总结
本研究证明点质量势中原子气体吸积的精确相似性定理及其唯一性,确定该相似性在快速增长下的适用边界,统一了辐射型邦迪吸积与反馈调节的标度关系,明确了固定质量近似的失效条件。
AI 中文摘要
点质量势中的原子气体具有一种精确相似性,该相似性在含时演化、双体原子微观物理过程,以及一类特定的辐射与反馈规律下均能保持。在环境温度和成分固定的条件下,$M_\bullet\mapsto\lambda M_\bullet$ 与 $n_\infty\mapsto\lambda^{-1}n_\infty$ 的变换会使半径和时间尺度扩大为原来的 $\lambda$ 倍,同时保持无量纲轮廓、光学深度、爱丁顿比及变率不变。其中 $M_\bullet$ 为中心质量,$n_\infty$ 为环境数密度,$\lambda>0$ 为尺度因子。我们证明该重标度变换在上述类别中具有唯一性。\n该对称性还能确定其在快速增长过程中的适用边界。定义一个邦迪时间内的质量增长分数为 $\varepsilon_{\rm grow}=\dot M_\bullet t_{\rm B}/M_\bullet$,其中 $\dot M_\bullet$ 为质量吸积保留率,$t_{\rm B}$ 为邦迪时间。该物理量等于邦迪半径 $R_{\rm B}$ 的膨胀速度与环境声速 $c_\infty$ 的比值 $\dot R_{\rm B}/c_\infty$,因此 $\varepsilon_{\rm grow}=1$ 对应声速膨胀。对于满足 $\dot M_\bullet\propto M_\bullet^p$($p>0$)的吸积保留规律,系统在质量经历有限增长后会达到该边界,且最多仅能再维持 $(p\varepsilon_0)^{-1}$ 个邦迪时间,其中 $\varepsilon_0$ 为初始加载系数。若吸积过程得以维持,典型的超爱丁顿案例早已越过该边界。此外,不存在非平凡的稳态增长轮廓能同时保持原子相似性及其自洽通量。因此,该定理统一了辐射型邦迪吸积与反馈调节的标度关系,并明确了弛豫固定质量延拓失效的条件。
英文摘要
Atomic gas in a point-mass potential possesses an exact similarity that survives time dependence, two-body atomic microphysics, and a specified class of radiation and feedback laws. At fixed ambient temperature and composition, $M_\bullet\mapstoλM_\bullet$ and $n_\infty\mapstoλ^{-1}n_\infty$ enlarge radii and times by $λ$ while preserving dimensionless profiles, optical depths, Eddington ratios, and variability. Here $M_\bullet$ is the central mass, $n_\infty$ the ambient number density, and $λ>0$ the scale factor. We prove this rescaling unique within the class. The symmetry also locates its boundary during rapid growth. Define the fractional mass gained in one Bondi time as $ε_{\rm grow}=\dot M_\bullet t_{\rm B}/M_\bullet$, where $\dot M_\bullet$ is the retained rate and $t_{\rm B}$ the Bondi time. This quantity equals $\dot R_{\rm B}/c_\infty$, the expansion speed of the Bondi radius $R_{\rm B}$ in units of the ambient sound speed $c_\infty$; hence $ε_{\rm grow}=1$ is sonic dilation. A retained law $\dot M_\bullet\propto M_\bullet^p$ with $p>0$ reaches this boundary after a finite increase in mass and leaves at most $(pε_0)^{-1}$ additional Bondi times, where $ε_0$ is the initial loading. If retained, the canonical hyper-Eddington example has already crossed. Independently, no nontrivial stationary growing profile preserves both the atomic similarity and its self-consistent flux. The theorem therefore unifies radiating Bondi and feedback-regulated scalings and identifies where a relaxed fixed-mass continuation loses control.