AI 中文总结
本文设计实现了基于SLM的相干差分成像集成器，通过模拟与实验室验证研究其性能，未来或可用于抑制AO后残余波前误差以提升地面系外行星直接成像对比度。
AI 中文摘要
从地面直接成像系外行星，根本上受限于自适应光学（AO）后快速演化的残余波前误差，以及由AO波前传感器下游的非共光路像差（NCPAs）产生的准静态散斑。一阶近似下，这两种对比度退化源均与恒星光保持相干，近期研究表明，相干差分成像（CDI）技术可应对其准静态及缓慢演化分量。近期实验室演示利用焦平面相位多样性结合主动液晶硅空间光调制器（LCoS SLM），进一步证实局部相位调制可区分相干散斑与非相干天体物理信号。本文提出一种基于SLM的CDI集成器的设计与实现框架，通过模拟研究了相位步数、调制环宽度、行星角距及行星-恒星对比度变化的影响，数值结果得到初步实验室验证的支持。未来，随着雪崩光电二极管、微波动力学电感探测器（MKID）阵列等超低噪声快速近红外探测器的出现，时域焦平面CDI探测方案或也可抑制快速演化的AO后残余波前误差。
英文摘要
Direct imaging of exoplanets from the ground remains fundamentally limited by fast-evolving post-adaptive optics (AO) residual wavefront errors, and by quasi-static speckles arising from non-common path aberrations (NCPAs) downstream of the AO wavefront sensor. To first order, both sources of contrast degradation remain coherent with the stellar light, and recent studies have shown that coherent differential imaging (CDI) techniques can address their quasi-static and slowly evolving components. Recent laboratory demonstrations using focal plane phase diversity with an active LCoS spatial light modulator (SLM) have further established that local phase modulation can distinguish coherent speckles from incoherent astrophysical signals. Here we present a framework for the design and implementation of an SLM-based CDI integrator. Through simulations, we study the effects of varying the number of phase steps, modulation ring width, planet separation, and planet-to-star contrast. The numerical results are further supported by an initial laboratory validation. In the future, with the emergence of ultra-low-noise fast near-infrared detectors such as avalanche photodiode and microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) arrays, time-domain focal-plane CDI detection schemes could potentially also be able to suppress rapidly varying post-AO residual wavefront errors.
Comments10 pages, 5 figures, spie astronomical telescopes + instrumentation 2026, Proceedings Volume 14154
