一维玻色气体边界附近的量子热力学
Quantum thermodynamics near the border of a one-dimensional Bose gas
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究求解准一维超冷玻色气体基本激发的Bogoliubov方程，探究其边界附近的粒子与能量含量，发现边界密度分布无Friedel振荡、有偶极特征，在巨正则系综和热力学极限下完成计算。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究被限制在准一维几何中的超冷玻色气体，其处于半开放势阱中。针对该气体基本激发的Bogoliubov方程在连续谱中求解，以探究气体边界附近的粒子与能量含量，这超出了常采用的局域密度近似的适用范围。具体而言，凝聚体密度的梯度会增强边界区域中以密度为主导的激发。我们通过与准均匀系统的合适参考解对比，讨论过剩（缺失）粒子及其能量。边界附近的密度分布无Friedel振荡，但存在热激发粒子溢出产生的偶极特征。计算在巨正则系综和热力学极限下完成。
英文摘要
We consider an ultracold Bose gas in a half-open potential well, otherwise confined to a quasi-one-dimensional geometry. The Bogoliubov equations for its elementary excitations are solved in the continuous spectrum to explore the particle and energy content near the edge of the gas, beyond the often applied local density approximation. In particular, gradients in the condensate density enhance density-dominated excitations in the border region. We discuss excess (missing) particles and their energy by comparing to suitable reference solutions for quasi-homogeneous systems. The density profile near the edge shows no Friedel oscillations, but a dipolar feature from the spill-out of thermally excited particles. The calculations are performed in the grand-canonical ensemble and in the thermodynamic limit.
