固有风险的管控：防御系统中风险的概念化研究
Managing Inherent Risk: On the Conceptualization of Risk in Defense Systems
AI总结：
本文针对部署于民用环境的防御系统，对比民用与军事领域风险概念，提出需纳入外部物理安全威胁的扩展风险构成，以推动相关公众讨论。
AI中文摘要：
部分防御系统本质上部署于民用环境，为该环境提供防御功能，但其部署与运行带来的风险对公众接受度构成挑战。与民用系统的安全工程相比，这类系统的风险构成存在显著差异：民用安全关键系统需尽可能降低风险，而防御系统需通过造成伤害实现其效用；两类系统均无法消除所有风险，复杂的风险构成会影响系统设计。本文对比民用与军事领域现有标准中的风险概念，指出需考虑扩展的风险构成，包括外部对物理安全的威胁所引发的风险；通过将该风险构成纳入防御系统的公众沟通，旨在推动建设性讨论。
英文摘要：
Certain defense systems are, by nature, deployed in a civilian environment in order to serve a defensive function for that environment. However, the risk involved with their deployment and operation poses a challenge for the public acceptance of these systems. Compared to safety engineering for civilian systems, the risk constellation is quite different. While reducing risk of safety-critical systems is generally desirable, defense systems are required to cause harm in order to be useful. In both cases, not all risk can be eliminated. The complex risk constellation of defense systems has implications for the systems' designs. We compare the concepts of risk in existing standards from both the civilian and the military domains. An extended constellation of risks needs to be considered, including risk caused by external threats to physical security. By including this risk constellation in public communication about defense systems, we aim to stimulate a productive debate.
