AI 中文总结
研究非真空标量场环境中黑洞的受力，用C度规和Painlevé-Gullstrand度规建模，发现恒定速度时拖曳力后期饱和，恒定加速度时力先增至约0.3ma再骤减，密度尾迹还会周期性复苏。
AI 中文摘要
天体物理黑洞存在于非真空环境中，它们在这类环境中的运动通常会通过动力学摩擦、邦迪吸积等过程对黑洞施加作用力。我们对质量为$m$、以恒定加速度$a$运动的黑洞在复标量场中所受的这类作用力进行了数值研究，同时也重新考察了现有文献中已有的恒定速度情形。前者用C度规建模，后者采用带有无散度、无涡度速度场的Painlevé-Gullstrand度规来模拟恒定速度运动。我们的模拟揭示了两种情形下拖曳力的若干新颖有趣的特性：对于恒定速度情形，力在后期达到饱和，其值对速度的依赖关系与已知的依赖方式不同；对于恒定加速度情形，力会先增大到最大值$F_\u2605$，随后急剧减小，其中$F_\u2605 \u2248 0.3~ m a$，此外，该情形下的密度尾迹会以递减的时间间隔出现复苏现象。
英文摘要
Astrophysical black holes exist within non-vacuum environments, and their motion through these environments generically result in a force on these black holes through processes such as dynamical friction and Bondi accretion. We explore these forces numerically for black holes moving through a complex scalar field of mass $m$ with constant acceleration $a$, while also revisiting the constant velocity case considered in the existing literature. The former is modeled by the C-metric, while we use Painlevé-Gullstrand metric with an additional divergence and vorticity free velocity field to mimic the constant velocity motion. Our simulations reveal several novel and interesting aspects of the drag force in both cases. For the constant velocity case, the force saturates at late times, with a value that depends on velocity in a manner distinct from known dependence. For the constant acceleration case, the force increases to a maximum value $F_\star$ and then reduces drastically, with $F_\star \approx 0.3~ m a$. Moreover, the density wake in this case shows revivals separated by decreasing time intervals.
Comments12 pages, 13 figures
