基于Λ型三能级系统的脉冲单光子磁强计：近最优频率分辨光子计数
Pulsed single-photon magnetometry with a $Λ$-type three-level system: near-optimal frequency-resolved photon counting
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究针对Λ型三能级系统的脉冲单光子磁强计，推导量子费舍尔信息分解方式，发现临界耦合下频率分辨光子计数可捕获几乎全部磁场信息，且长高斯脉冲的相关信息缺口以T⁻²或更快速率减小。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们研究由经典控制场驱动的塞曼敏感Λ型三能级系统的脉冲单光子磁强计。推导了渐近输出态，并将其量子费舍尔信息分解为光子损耗、光谱强度和光谱相位贡献。环境耦合会重塑散射响应，且可增加磁场信息。在临界耦合时，散射振幅的实频零点会将信息重新分配至可测量的光谱强度，当这些零点处于脉冲带宽内时，频率分辨光子计数可捕获输出态中编码的几乎全部磁场信息。对于具有平滑非零中心频率散射振幅的长高斯脉冲，额外的光谱强度贡献与残余光谱相位信息缺口以T⁻²或更快的速率减小。
英文摘要
We investigate pulsed single-photon magnetometry with a Zeeman-sensitive $Λ$-type three-level system driven by a classical control field. We derive the asymptotic output state and decompose its quantum Fisher information into photon-loss, spectral-intensity, and spectral-phase contributions. Environmental coupling reshapes the scattering response and can increase magnetic-field information. At critical coupling, real-frequency zeros of the scattering amplitude redistribute information toward measurable spectral intensity, allowing frequency-resolved photon counting to capture nearly all of the magnetic-field information encoded in the output state when the zeros lie within the pulse bandwidth. For long Gaussian pulses with a smooth, nonzero central-frequency scattering amplitude, the additional spectral-intensity contribution and residual spectral-phase information gap decrease as $T^{-2}$ or faster.
