AI 中文总结
本研究利用SDSS增值星表，发现近邻星系对中部分AGN的SMBH增长快于核球，且两种标度关系预测的黑洞并合比例存在显著差异，对引力波和高红移超重SMBH预测有重要意义。
AI 中文摘要
超大质量黑洞（SMBH）与其宿主星系通过等级并合、活动星系核（AGN）反馈等通道共同演化，建立起SMBH质量与宿主星系属性之间的紧密标度关系。这些标度关系，尤其是与宿主星系核球质量（$M_\text{b}$）和恒星速度弥散（$\text{σ}$）的关系，被广泛用于估算SMBH质量。星系并合会将气体驱入星系中心，促进SMBH增长和恒星核球增长，但二者未必同步，因此有必要确定正在经历并合的星系是否仍遵循SMBH-宿主星系标度关系。本研究利用斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）成熟的增值星表，探究星系并合中的标度关系。这些星表提供了近邻星系对、用于SMBH质量测量的AGN宽线，以及核球-盘分解后的恒星质量。我们将$M_\bullet-M_\text{b}$估算的SMBH质量与AGN宽线估算的SMBH质量进行比较，发现对于位于次（质量较小）核球中的AGN，以及星系对中星系的物理间距较小时，SMBH增长速度快于核球。利用完整的近邻星系对样本，我们发现$M_\bullet-M_\text{b}$与$M_\bullet-\text{σ}$预测的主并合和次并合黑洞比例存在显著差异：$M_\bullet-M_\text{b}$预测的黑洞质量比更接近1:1，且整体多预测了6-20%的主并合。这些结果具有重要意义，包括对天体物理引力波和高红征超重超大质量黑洞的预测。
英文摘要
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host-galaxies coevolve through channels such as hierarchical merging and AGN feedback, establishing tight scaling relations between SMBH masses and properties of the host-galaxy. These scaling relations, particularly those with host-galaxy bulge mass (M${_\text{b}}$) and stellar velocity dispersion ($σ$), are widely used to estimate SMBH masses. Galaxy mergers drive gas into the centers of galaxies, enhancing SMBH growth and stellar bulge growth but not necessarily in tandem, so it is necessary to determine if galaxies undergoing a merger still follow SMBH-host-galaxy scaling relations. In this study, we explore scaling relations in galaxy mergers by taking advantage of the well-established value-added catalogs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. These catalogs provide close galaxy pairs, AGN broad lines for SMBH mass measurements, and bulge-disk decomposed stellar masses. We compare SMBH mass estimates from M$_\bullet-$M${_\text{b}}$ to SMBH mass estimates from AGN broad lines and find that SMBH mass growth outpaces the bulge for AGN residing in the secondary (less massive) bulge and for smaller physical separations between galaxies in a pair. Using our full sample of close galaxy pairs, we find that M$_\bullet-$M${_\text{b}}$ and M$_\bullet- σ$ predict significantly different fractions of major and minor black hole mergers with M$_\bullet-$M${_\text{b}}$ predicting black hole mass ratios closer to 1:1 and $6-20\%$ more major mergers overall. These results have major implications, including for predictions of astrophysical gravitational-waves and high-redshift overmassive SMBHs.
CommentsApJ Accepted version. 28 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Tables 1 and 2 are available as machine-readable tables in the published version
