混合与增强现实在医学可视化中的作用：文献综述与情境感知分类法
The Role of Mixed and Augmented Reality in Medical Visualization: Literature Review and A Context-Aware Taxonomy
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文通过文献综述，构建了含图像模态等四个核心组件及可视化锚定等两个关键维度的医学AR/MR可视化分类法，为医学场景选择合适可视化技术提供详细框架。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
医学成像技术的发现与演进实现了内部解剖结构的非侵入式可视化，该技术已成为支持诊断、监测与治疗的关键。然而，由于医学成像依赖复杂的物理过程与对比机制来生成图像，仅靠成像不足以让人类充分利用所得信息。此外，传统可视化方法采用二维显示器呈现三维解剖结构。增强现实（AR）与混合现实（MR）技术的引入为医学成像可视化提供了有价值的范式，使用户能以更符合空间直觉的方式观察、探索并与解剖信息交互。但未经审慎设计考量的直接实现可能导致感知不一致，进而损害实用性与有效性。本文提出了医学AR/MR可视化策略的结构化分类法，旨在更清晰地呈现不同临床用例中可视化设计的差异。该分类法基于四个核心设计组件组织技术：图像模态、数据维度、显示技术与临床应用。此外，本文还引入了文献中常被忽视的两个关键维度：可视化锚定（虚拟内容与物理世界的空间关系）与感知意识（用于支持空间解释的视觉线索的使用）。这些组件共同构成了一个全面的分类法，为医学应用中选择合适的可视化技术提供了详细框架。
英文摘要
The discovery and evolution of medical imaging technologies have enabled non-invasive visualization of internal anatomy that has be- come essential for supporting diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. However, because medical imaging relies on complex physical processes and contrast mechanisms for image formation, imaging alone is not sufficient to enable humans to leverage the resulting in- formation fully. In addition, traditional methods to visualize the resulting information use two-dimensional displays to present three-dimensional anatomical structures. The introduction of Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR/MR) technologies offers an opportunity to provide valuable paradigms for medical imaging visualization, allowing users to observe, explore, and interact with anatomical infor- mation in more spatially intuitive ways. However, naive implementation without careful design considerations can lead to perceptual inconsistencies, potentially compromising utility and effectiveness. In this paper, we present a structured taxonomy of medical AR/MR visualization strategies aimed at providing clearer insight into how visualization design varies across clinical use cases. The taxonomy organizes techniques based on four core design components: image modality, data dimensionality, display technology, and clinical application. In addition, we introduce two critical dimensions that are often overlooked in the literature: visualization anchoring (the spatial relationship between virtual content and the physical world), and perceptual awareness (the use of visual cues to support spatial interpretation). Together, these components form a comprehensive taxonomy, offering a detailed framework for selecting appropriate visualization techniques in medical applications.
