AI 中文总结
本研究针对经皮穿刺操作的AR引导问题，设计并评估三种可视化技术，发现线索效果与用户专业水平及线索配置相关，为AR引导策略提供依据。
AI 中文摘要
尽管经皮穿刺操作涉及的动作看似简单，但当临床医生无法直接观察内部解剖结构，必须依赖超声图像时，操纵器械方向会变得极具挑战性，这会增加认知负荷。增强现实（AR）有望通过在临床医生视野中提供相关视觉信息来辅助完成这些任务，但仅提供忽略有意义视觉线索的视觉信息可能会使深度感知和空间理解复杂化。在本研究中，我们与医学专家共同设计并评估了三种用于穿刺对准的可视化技术：局部聚焦-上下文窗口、基于颜色的邻近度编码以及显式轨迹叠加。这些技术在一项包含26名受试者（其中7名是临床专家）的用户研究中进行了评估，研究采用了前列腺活检相关的体模。研究结果表明，线索效果取决于周围的线索配置和用户专业水平：对于新手而言，显式轨迹叠加提高了定位精度并减少了回撤行为，但其对完成时间的影响因线索配置而异，当仅呈现轨迹叠加时，表现更慢；对于专家而言，聚焦-上下文窗口缩短了完成时间并减少了回撤事件，而基于颜色的邻近度叠加则缩短了完成时间。主观上，即使颜色线索对精度的影响不一致，也常被认为有帮助。这些结果表明，用于经皮介入的AR引导策略应考虑用户的专业水平和视觉上下文。
英文摘要
Despite the apparent simplicity of the motor action involved during percutaneous needle procedures, manipulating the tool's direction becomes challenging when clinicians cannot directly visualize internal anatomy and must rely on ultrasound images, which increase cognitive demand. Augmented reality (AR) offers the promise to assist with these tasks by providing pertinent visual information in the clinician's field of view. However, simply providing visual information that ignores meaningful visual cues can complicate depth perception and spatial understanding. In this work, we introduce and evaluate three visualization techniques for needle alignment developed during design sessions with medical experts: a localized focus-and-context window, a color-based proximity encoding, and an explicit trajectory overlay. These techniques were evaluated in a user study (n=26) including clinical experts (n=7) using a prostate-biopsy-inspired phantom. Results from this study suggest that cue effects depended on the surrounding cue configuration and user expertise. For novices, explicit trajectory overlay improved targeting accuracy and reduced retreat behavior, but its effect on completion time varied across cue configurations, with slower performance when the overlay was presented alone. For experts, the focus-and-context window reduced completion time and retreat events, while color-based proximity overlay improved completion time. Subjectively, color cues were often perceived as helpful even when their effects on accuracy were not consistent. These results suggest that AR guidance strategies for percutaneous interventions should consider user expertise and visual context.
CommentsAccepted at IEEE ISMAR 2026. The definitive version will be available in IEEE Xplore
