可直接成像宜居带的附近低质量恒星与类太阳恒星的全光谱
Panchromatic Spectra of Nearby Low-mass and Sun-like Stars with Directly Imageable Habitable Zones
AI总结：
该研究为12颗拥有可直接成像宜居带的附近低质量及类太阳恒星构建全光谱能量分布，发现其高能辐射多高于现代太阳，指出高能辐射是宜居行星宿主的重要判别因素，需扩展相关观测以支撑天文台目标优先级排序。
AI中文摘要：
表征恒星的高能辐射环境对于判断哪些系统的行星能够保留大气层并维持宜居条件至关重要。从X射线到紫外线（UV）的辐射会驱动大气光化学过程、加热作用以及大气逃逸，因此准确表征恒星的高能发射，对于解读未来系外行星观测结果以及确定最有希望的生命探测目标都极为关键。我们为12颗附近的低质量恒星和类太阳恒星构建了从X射线到射电的全光谱能量分布（SED），这些恒星拥有可直接成像的宜居带，是宜居世界天文台（HWO）和极大望远镜（ELT）的优先观测目标。这些SED是利用正向恒星大气模型生成的，该模型由可用的存档X射线和UV观测数据引导并约束。我们发现，该样本中的许多恒星的高能辐射环境相对于现代太阳有所升高，其宜居带的X射线和极紫外（XUV）通量经常超过太阳值1至2个数量级。这种升高的发射可能反映了样本选择效应、恒星年龄与自转的差异以及内在磁变异性的共同作用，多历元观测表明，仅变异性就会显著改变推断出的辐射环境。这些结果强调，高能辐射是确定最有希望的宜居行星宿主的重要判别因素，也表明需要扩大X射线和UV观测，以完成宜居世界天文台目标优先级排序所需的恒星表征工作。
英文摘要：
Characterizing the high-energy radiation environments of stars plays a critical role in determining which systems' planets are capable of retaining atmospheres and sustaining habitable conditions. X-ray through ultraviolet (UV) radiation drives atmospheric photochemistry, heating, and escape, making accurate characterization of stellar high-energy emission essential for both interpreting future exoplanet observations and identifying the most promising targets for life detection. We construct panchromatic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) spanning the X-ray through radio for 12 nearby low-mass and Sun-like stars with directly imageable habitable zones that are prioritized targets for the Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) and Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). These SEDs are generated using forward stellar atmosphere models guided and constrained by available archival X-ray and UV observations. We find that many stars in this sample exhibit elevated high-energy radiation environments relative to the modern Sun, with habitable zone X-ray and extreme UV (XUV) fluxes frequently exceeding solar values by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The elevated emission likely reflects a combination of sample selection effects, differences in stellar age and rotation, and intrinsic magnetic variability, with multi-epoch observations demonstrating that variability alone can significantly alter inferred radiation environments. These results highlight high-energy radiation as an important discriminator in identifying the most promising habitable planet hosts and demonstrate the need for expanded X-ray and UV observations to complete the stellar characterization necessary for HWO target prioritization.
