发表机构
RWTH Aachen University; Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH; Zenules GmbH; Honda Research Institute USA, Inc.; Juelich Aachen Research Alliance, JARA-Energy（亚琛工业大学; 本田欧洲研究院; Zenules有限公司; 本田美国研究院; 于利希-亚琛研究联盟JARA能源分部）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究提出结合自监督视觉Transformer等的框架，实现锂离子正极裂纹的高效量化，可区分裂纹类型并获取种群级统计，为电池寿命相关决策提供支撑。
AI 中文摘要
电池寿命是可持续电气化的核心，但驱动锂离子正极老化的颗粒裂纹难以测量：这种降解的定量显微分析受限于标注，因为每个破坏性电子显微镜横截面跨度达数百兆像素，像素级专家标注每张图像需耗时数小时。本文展示，冻结的自监督视觉Transformer编码器结合轻量可训练解码器与迭代模型辅助标注，可将稀疏标注预算转化为种群规模的降解测量。该框架应用于三个120兆像素的NMC正极横截面（分别代表初始、循环老化和日历老化状态），可区分晶内裂纹与早期、晚期晶间裂纹，并生成每个颗粒的裂纹宽度、曲折度和面积分数分布。循环样品中晚期晶间裂纹覆盖率达4.6%，而初始和日历老化样品中仅为0.5%，形成更曲折、覆盖率更高的网络，这与仅由反复电化学循环而非高温存储导致的降解一致。单张破坏性图像即可获得延长寿命设计、老化评估及二次生命周期决策所需的种群级统计数据。
英文摘要
Battery lifetime is central to sustainable electrification, yet the particle cracking that drives lithium-ion cathode aging is hard to measure: quantitative microscopy of this degradation is bottlenecked by annotation, because each destructive electron-microscopy cross-section spans hundreds of megapixels and pixel-level expert labelling requires hours per image. We show that a frozen self-supervised vision-transformer encoder, combined with a lightweight trainable decoder and iterative model-assisted annotation, turns this sparse labelling budget into population-scale degradation measurements. Applied to three 120-megapixel NMC cathode cross-sections representing initial, cycled-aged and calendar-aged states, the framework distinguishes intragranular cracks from early- and late-stage intergranular cracks and yields per-particle distributions of crack width, tortuosity and area fraction. Late intergranular crack coverage reaches 4.6% in the cycled sample versus 0.5% in the initial and calendar-aged samples, forming more tortuous, higher-coverage networks, consistent with degradation from repeated electrochemical cycling rather than elevated-temperature storage alone. A single destructive image yields the population-level statistics needed for lifetime-extending design, aging assessment and second-life decisions.
Comments38 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Supplementary Information included as Appendix B. Under review at Energy Storage Materials
