超轻量、超低功耗、基于概率RSS的路径重建：用于景观尺度蜜蜂追踪的系统
Ultra Low-Power, Lightweight, Probabilistic RSS-Based Path Reconstruction: A System for Landscape-Scale Bee Tracking
- University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）
- School of Computer Science, University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学计算机科学学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
本研究提出一种基于RSS的概率路径重建方法，实现了对38毫克低功耗设备的景观尺度追踪，精度达10-15米，可用于欧洲熊蜂归巢飞行的追踪研究。
AI中文摘要：
运动生态学、物联网或机器人学等领域的应用都需要能够定位设备的系统，这些设备体积过小且功耗受限，无法搭载GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）。替代的低功耗定位方法通常仅依赖RSS（接收信号强度）测量值来推断射频信号的AoA（到达角），但这些方法受限于测距范围，且需要大量RSS测量值来推断准确的AoA，会带来较高的功耗需求。在本文中，我们针对这些问题提出了一种新颖的基于RSS的方法，用于在复杂景观中追踪超轻量、低功耗的移动接收设备，该方法通过使用来自简单旋转高增益发射器的最少RSS测量值（测距范围达300米），并应用概率建模来推断其AoA。随后，我们使用高斯过程对接收设备的移动路径进行建模，并通过双重随机变分推断进行重建，最终实现了对重量为38毫克（含电源）的接收设备在可扩展景观范围内约15米精度的追踪，功耗低于180微瓦；若增加更多RSS测量值，精度可提升至约10米，功耗则低于600微瓦。我们预计该方法将为飞行昆虫物种的行为研究等领域提供支持，为此我们将该系统应用于追踪欧洲熊蜂（Bombus terrestris）的归巢飞行，验证了其适用性。
英文摘要：
Applications in fields such as movement ecology, Internet of Things or robotics share the need for systems that localize devices that are too small and power constrained to implement GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). Alternative low-power localization methods often rely on only measurements of RSS (Received Signal Strength) to infer the AoA (Angle of Arrival) of a transmitted radio frequency signal, but are limited by range and the power demand of the large number of RSS measurements required to infer an accurate AoA. In this paper we address these issues with a novel RSS-based method for tracking ultra lightweight and low-power moving receivers across a complex landscape, achieved by using a minimal number of RSS measurements from simple rotating high-gain transmitters with a range of 300m, and applying probabilistic modelling to infer their AoA. The receiver's movement path is then modelled using a Gaussian process and reconstructed using doubly stochastic variational inference, resulting in approximately 15m accuracy tracking of receivers weighing 38mg (including power source) over a scalable landscape range while consuming less than 180uW, increased to approximately 10m accuracy at less than 600uW by taking more RSS measurements. We anticipate that this method will support fields such as the behavioural study of flying insect species, which we demonstrate by applying the system to track Bombus terrestris nest return flights.
