AI 中文总结
该研究探讨超高能宇宙射线的潜在起源与加速机制，分析多种天体现象的贡献，提出剪切加速机制，指出未来多信使观测将助力完善相关认知。
AI 中文摘要
我们研究超高能宇宙射线（UHECRs）的潜在起源及其加速机制，重点关注与大质量恒星死亡和超大质量黑洞相关的天体物理现象，包括伽马射线暴（GRBs）、引擎驱动的超新星/超超新星、磁星、新生脉冲星、双中子星并合（BNS）、潮汐瓦解事件（TDEs）以及活动星系核（AGN）。尽管高能中微子观测已将高光度伽马射线暴（HL GRBs）限制为UHECRs的起源，但低光度伽马射线暴（LL GRBs）和引擎驱动的超新星仍是有前景的候选者，其主要成分是中等质量原子核。致密双致密星并合以及富中子环境中的r过程核合成也可能对超重UHECRs有贡献。来自TDEs的UHECRs组成取决于被瓦解恒星的性质。AGN，尤其是射电星系，仍是有前景的起源，其加速发生在它们的大尺度喷流和瓣中。剪切加速机制被提出作为加速UHECRs的可行替代方案，该机制涉及对低能宇宙射线的再加速，且与观测到的能谱和组成相符。未来多信使观测，尤其是即将到来的观测站的观测，有望提供关键数据以完善我们对UHECRs起源的理解、检验现有模型并探索新的加速机制。
英文摘要
We investigate potential sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and their acceleration mechanisms, focusing on astrophysical phenomena associated with massive stellar deaths and supermassive black holes. These phenomena include gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), engine-driven supernovae/hypernovae, magnetars, newly born pulsars, binary neutron star mergers (BNS), tidal disruption events (TDEs), and active galactic nuclei (AGN). While high-luminosity GRBs (HL GRBs) are constrained as UHECR sources by high-energy neutrino observations, low-luminosity GRBs (LL GRBs) and engine-driven supernovae remain promising candidates, with intermediate-mass nuclei as the dominant components. Compact binary mergers and $r$-process nucleosynthesis in neutron-rich environments may also contribute to ultraheavy UHECRs. The composition of UHECRs from TDEs depends on the properties of the disrupted stars. AGN, particularly radio galaxies, remain promising sources, with acceleration occurring in their large-scale jets and lobes. Shear acceleration mechanisms have been proposed as a viable alternative for accelerating UHECRs, involving the re-acceleration of low-energy cosmic rays and being compatible with the observed spectrum and composition. Future multi-messenger observations, especially from upcoming observatories, are expected to provide critical data to refine our understanding of UHECR origins, test existing models, and explore new acceleration mechanisms.
CommentsProceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2024), 17-21 November 2024, Malargüe, Argentina
