超导相变单电子晶体管
A Superconducting Phase Transition Single-Electron Transistor
AI总结：
本文提出超导相变射频单电子晶体管（PTSET），用于半导体自旋量子比特的电荷传感，其灵敏度较传统rfSET在大、小信号区分别提升1和2个数量级，为半导体量子计算提供了超灵敏集成电荷传感器的新途径。
AI中文摘要：
量子计算机需要快速且精准的量子比特态探测方法。相变传感器利用材料两种物理状态间的突变实现灵敏度提升，已用于量子技术的先进探测器，如超导纳米线单光子探测器，但该传感原理尚未应用于半导体自旋量子比特。本文展示了一种超导相变射频单电子晶体管（PTSET），它是半导体自旋量子比特的电荷传感器，其响应因超导-正常态相变而增强；该相变通过将传感器电流与集成在射频匹配网络中的低临界电流、高动态电感电感相连来实现。实验表明，在大信号和小信号区域，其灵敏度较传统射频单电子晶体管（rfSET）分别提升了1个和2个数量级。本研究确立了相变传感作为半导体量子计算中超灵敏集成电荷传感器的实现路径，并指出其更广泛的应用，包括射电天文学的低温光子探测。
英文摘要：
Quantum computers require fast and accurate methods for qubit state detection. Phase-transition sensors exploit the abrupt change between two physical states of a material to achieve enhanced sensitivity and have enabled advanced detectors for quantum technologies, such as superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. However, this sensing principle has not yet been applied to semiconductor spin qubits. Here, we demonstrate a superconducting phase-transition radio-frequency single-electron transistor (PTSET), a charge sensor for semiconductor spin qubits whose response is enhanced by a superconducting-to-normal phase transition. The transition is engineered by linking the sensor current to a low-critical-current, high-kinetic-inductance inductor integrated into the radio-frequency matching network. We demonstrate improvements in sensitivity of one and two orders of magnitude over conventional rfSETs in the large- and small-signal regimes, respectively. Our results establish phase-transition sensing as a route towards ultrasensitive, integrated charge sensors for semiconductor quantum computing and point to broader applications, including cryogenic photon detection for radio astronomy.
