突破量子溶剂中的旋转声障
Crossing the Rotational Sound Barrier in a Quantum Solvent
AI总结：
本文研究超流体中受驱动旋转分子，利用光离心平台发现其可突破旋转声障，建立了量子溶剂中受驱动转子的动力学相图，为研究量子多体系统的快速旋转杂质提供了通用平台。
AI中文摘要：
嵌入超流体中的分子为研究杂质物理提供了实验可控的平台。本文研究了在超流体环境（包括氦和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体）中旋转的受驱动分子，其旋转频率与浴体动力学相近。在实验相关的光离心平台中，我们表明转子可保持局域化直至特征谐波频率，该频率实际可超过浴体的激发能，从而可研究超快旋转杂质。在共转参考系中，浴体激发会发生旋转多普勒频移，产生平衡角子理论中不存在的角动量分辨共振。我们识别出一个耗散旋转声障，此时分子会共振发射浴体激发，并与周围介质发生强角动量交换。总体而言，我们建立了量子溶剂中受驱动转子的动力学相图，并为研究量子多体系统中的快速受驱动旋转杂质引入了通用平台。
英文摘要：
Molecules embedded in superfluids provide an experimentally controllable platform for investigating impurity physics. Here, we investigate a driven molecule rotating in a superfluid environment, including helium and Bose--Einstein condensates, at rotation frequencies similar to the bath dynamics. Within the experimentally relevant platform of an optical centrifuge, we show that the rotor remains localized up to a characteristic harmonic frequency that can realistically exceed the excitation energies of the bath, enabling access to ultrafast rotating impurities. In the co-rotating frame, the bath excitations experience a rotational Doppler shift, generating angular-momentum-resolved resonances absent in equilibrium angulon theory. We identify a dissipative rotational sound barrier at which the molecule resonantly emits bath excitations and undergoes strong angular momentum exchange with the surrounding medium. Overall, we establish the dynamical phase diagram of the driven rotor in a quantum solvent and introduce a generic platform for investigating fast driven rotating impurities in quantum many-body systems.
