AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种非准静态下的有限时间类奥托量子热力学循环，通过 Lewis-Riesenfeld 不变表象规避非绝热布居问题，可在囚禁离子系统中实验实现，区分了绝热操作与准静态驱动。
AI 中文摘要
我们展示了一种有限时间的类奥托量子热力学循环，该循环在非准静态 regime 下可保持含时简谐振子的绝热布居结构。在常规能量表象中，有限速率驱动会引发非绝热布居重分布，并在哈密顿量返回初始值后留下残余激发。我们证明，通过在 Lewis-Riesenfeld 不变表象中构建动力学，无需借助辅助反绝热驱动修改物理哈密顿量，即可规避这一难题。针对参数 Mathieu 协议，量子惯性会导致工作模式的空间宽度与其瞬态修饰能标之间出现不匹配。我们提出了该方案在囚禁离子 Paul 阱中的实验实现，利用受激拉曼相互作用，可独立控制激光失谐和光束交角。这提供了一种有限时间实现方式，其中不变布居结构得以保留，而物理阱频率则非准静态演化。我们的结果明确区分了绝热操作与准静态驱动，为无需准静态极限即可保留绝热能量结构的有限时间量子热循环提供了途径。
英文摘要
We show a finite-time Otto-like quantum thermodynamic cycle that preserves the adiabatic population structure of a time-dependent harmonic oscillator in the non-quasi-static regime. In the conventional energy representation, finite-rate driving induces non-adiabatic population redistribution and leaves residual excitations after the Hamiltonian has returned to its initial value. We show that this difficulty can be avoided by formulating the dynamics in the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant representation, without modifying the physical Hamiltonian through auxiliary counterdiabatic driving. For a parametric Mathieu protocol, quantum inertia produces a mismatch between the spatial width of the working mode and its transient dressed energy scale. We propose an experimental implementation of this scheme in a trapped-ion Paul trap using stimulated Raman interactions, with independent control of the laser detuning and beam intersection angle. This provides a finite-time implementation in which the invariant population structure is preserved while the physical trap frequency evolves non-quasi-statically. Our results establish a clear distinction between adiabatic operation and quasi-static driving, providing a route toward finite-time quantum thermal cycles that retain the adiabatic energy structure without requiring the quasi-static limit.
Comments10 pages, 5 figures
