AI 中文总结
该研究结合英国REF与文献计量数据，量化了科研影响力贡献者中的性别差异，发现女性在相关贡献者中占38.16%，在教育等领域案例中占比更高，为相关机构构建公平评估体系提供了依据。
AI 中文摘要
评估科研在学术界之外的影响力——对政策、健康、经济和文化生活的影响——已成为全球科学政策和研究经费分配的基石。然而，哪些研究人员产生了支撑这种影响力的研究，以及这种产生过程如何受性别影响，人们仍知之甚少。我们将英国最新的研究卓越框架（REF，目前运行中最大的国家研究评估）的结构化和非结构化记录，与大规模文献计量数据相结合，以量化支撑已记录影响力的研究人员中的性别差异。女性占这些贡献者的38.16%：总体上代表性不足，但在所有四个REF小组中，无论是总体还是各小组，其占比始终高于研究产出作者的占比（33.63%）。影响力产生在不同领域也存在明显的性别差异：女性在涉及教育、健康、文化和民间社会影响力的案例研究中占比更高，而涉及专利和制造等商业化途径的案例研究仍由男性主导。这些发现揭示了研究与学术界之外影响力相连接的途径中存在的关键不平等，为旨在建立更公平、更具代表性的科学贡献评估体系的政策制定者和学术机构提供了重要证据。
英文摘要
Evaluating the impact of scientific research beyond academia --- on policy, health, the economy, and cultural life --- has become a cornerstone of science policy and research-funding allocation worldwide. Yet which researchers produce the research underpinning this impact, and how this production is shaped by gender, remains poorly understood. We combine structured and unstructured records from the United Kingdom's latest Research Excellence Framework, the largest national research assessment currently in operation, with large-scale bibliometric data to quantify gender differences among the researchers underpinning documented impact. Women account for 38.16% of these contributors: underrepresented overall, but with a consistently higher share than in research-output authorships (33.63%), both overall and across all four REF panels. Impact production is also strongly gendered across domains: women are better represented in case studies concerning education, health, cultural, and civil-society impact, whereas those concerning commercialisation pathways such as patenting and manufacturing remain dominated by men. These findings reveal critical inequalities across the pathways that connect research to impact beyond academia, offering crucial evidence for policymakers and academic institutions aiming to build more equitable and representative systems for evaluating scientific contributions.
