AI 中文总结
针对传统电子表格系统修改表格结构时易引入引用错误的问题，提出原型系统Kale，通过限制引用类型消除此类错误，经用户研究和语料库研究验证其有效性。
AI 中文摘要
电子表格公式可引用任意大小的矩形区域，当用户修改被引用表格的结构时，电子表格系统会更新引用以指向新区域，但该新区域可能与用户预期不符，从而在电子表格中引入错误。我们开展了一项用户研究，结果显示标准引用语义易出错，给用户带来显著风险。我们推出Kale，这是一个原型系统，通过限制可表达的引用类型消除此类错误的产生风险。我们证明用户可使用Kale高效完成传统电子表格系统中易出错的任务，最后还进行了语料库研究，评估Kale的引用限制可能对用户产生的影响程度。
英文摘要
Spreadsheet formulas can refer to rectangular ranges of arbitrary size. When a user changes the structure of a referenced table, the spreadsheet system updates the references to refer to a new range. Unfortunately, this new range may differ from the user's expectations, introducing bugs in spreadsheets. We describe a user study showing that standard reference semantics are error-prone, resulting in significant risk to users. We introduce Kale, a prototype system that eliminates the risk of inserting these kinds of bugs by restricting the kinds of references that can be expressed. We show that Kale can be used effectively by users to complete tasks that are error-prone in traditional spreadsheet systems. Finally, we describe a corpus study that evaluates the extent to which the reference restrictions in Kale might have implications on users.
