AI 中文总结
该研究探讨具有扩展质量函数的原初黑洞（PBHs）对宇宙结构、恒星形成、再电离及引力波并合的影响，为PBHs作为暗物质及超大质量黑洞种子提供观测依据。
AI 中文摘要
原初黑洞（PBHs）仍是极具吸引力的暗物质候选体，也是早期宇宙物理的可能遗迹，在宇宙结构形成和引力波天文学中均有可观测的印记。我们研究了由早期宇宙热历史特征塑造的、具有物理动机的扩展质量函数描述的PBH种群的后果。我们计算了其对物质功率谱的泊松贡献，并将其效应传递至暗晕质量函数、宇宙恒星形成率密度和再电离历史。PBH成分产生了小尺度功率的适度增强，导致低质量暗晕形成更早，相应地高红移恒星形成率密度温和增加，同时仍与当前对汤姆孙光学深度的约束一致。随后，我们评估了当前和未来引力波探测器预期的并合率分布。在恒星质量范围内，预测的PBH双天体种群占据LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA探测到的区域，可对观测到的致密天体并合种群做出贡献。对于LISA，可探测信号由质量为10³-10⁴M⊙的中等质量双天体主导，累积率为每年数个事件，延伸至高至z~50的红移。探测此类高红移中等质量黑洞并合将构成原初起源的独特特征，提供PBH对暗物质预算贡献不可忽略的证据，且可能作为后期宇宙epoch观测到的超大质量黑洞的早期种子。
英文摘要
Primordial black holes (PBHs) remain compelling dark-matter candidates and possible relics of early-Universe physics, with observable imprints across both cosmological structure formation and gravitational-wave astronomy. We investigate the consequences of a PBH population described by an extended, physically motivated mass function shaped by features in the thermal history of the early Universe. We compute the associated Poisson contribution to the matter power spectrum and propagate its effects to the halo mass function, the cosmic star-formation rate density, and the reionization history. The PBH component produces a moderate enhancement of small-scale power, leading to earlier low-mass halo formation and a correspondingly mild increase in the high-redshift star-formation rate density while remaining consistent with current constraints on the Thomson optical depth. We then evaluate the merger-rate distribution expected for current and future gravitational-wave detectors. In the stellar-mass regime, the predicted PBH binary population occupies the region probed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA and can contribute to the observed compact-object merger population. For LISA, the detectable signal is dominated by intermediate-mass binaries with component masses of $10^3$-$10^4\,M_\odot$, with cumulative rates of order a few events per year extending to redshifts as high as $z \sim 50$. The detection of such high-redshift intermediate-mass black hole mergers would constitute a distinctive signature of a primordial origin, providing evidence that PBHs contribute non-negligibly to the dark matter budget and may have served as early seeds for the supermassive black holes observed at later cosmic epochs.
Comments16 pages, 7 figures + 4 pages appendix. Submitted for publication to ApJ
